Biomedical applications of three‐dimensional bioprinted craniofacial tissue engineering

Abstract

Anatomical complications of the craniofacial regions often present considerable challenges to the surgical repair or replacement of the damaged tissues. Surgical repair has its own set of limitations, including scarcity of the donor tissues, immune rejection, use of immune suppressors followed by the surgery, and restriction in restoring the natural aesthetic appeal. Rapid advancement in the field of biomaterials, cell biology, and engineering has helped scientists to create cellularized skeletal muscle-like structures. However, the existing method still has limitations in building large, highly vascular tissue with clinical application. With the advance in the three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique, scientists and clinicians now can produce the functional implants of skeletal muscles and bones that are more patient-specific with the perfect match to the architecture of their craniofacial defects. Craniofacial tissue regeneration using 3D bioprinting can manage and eliminate the restrictions of the surgical transplant from the donor site. The concept of creating the new functional tissue, exactly mimicking the anatomical and physiological function of the damaged tissue, looks highly attractive. This is crucial to reduce the donor site morbidity and retain the esthetics. 3D bioprinting can integrate all three essential components of tissue

An altered oral microbiota induced by injections of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle‐labeled periodontal ligament stem cells helps periodontal bone regeneration in rats

“…Regeneration of intraosseous defects is an important therapeutic goal of periodontal treatment, because the existence of deep intraosseous defects creates a high risk of recrudescence and further progression of periodontitis. Bone graft replacement is a classical treatment that has been used commonly in the clinic 1,2 . However, it is associated with problems such as morbidity caused by a second surgical site and the possibility of disease transmission.…”

“…Bone graft replacement is a classical treatment that has been used commonly in the clinic. 1 , 2 However, it is associated with problems such as morbidity caused by a second surgical site and the possibility of disease transmission. Moreover, the patients suffer trauma, pain, and swelling because of the collection of autogenous bone and the implantation of bone grafts.…”

Development of bioactive short fiber-reinforced printable hydrogels with tunable mechanical and osteogenic properties for bone repair

“…Calcium deposits are an essential aspect of bioprinted structures when considered in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 61 These mineralized deposits are indicative of the successful maturation and mineralization of the bioprinted bone-like tissue, which is a key goal in creating functional, biomimetic bone substitutes. 62 They signify the successful mimicry of natural bone mineralization within the engineered tissue, contributing to its structural integrity and biomechanical strength.…”

“…These deposits also play a role in promoting cell differentiation and tissue maturation while ensuring biocompatibility for effective tissue integration. 61,62 Alizarin red staining was used to compare the matrix mineralization level of MC3T3 encapsulated in three different hydrogel samples at day 14 when constructs were immersed in osteo-inductive media (Fig. 4D and E).…”

A Comprehensive Review of Electrospun Fibers, 3D-Printed Scaffolds, and Hydrogels for Cancer Therapies

“…Consequently, tissue engineering strategies, including stromal cell-based therapies, are being developed. The main goal is to regenerate, remodel, replace, or support damaged organs and tissues or to induce a healing process by activating the body’s self-healing capacity [ 2 , 3 ].…”