Biomedical applications of carrageenan hydrogel impregnated with zinc oxide nanoparticles

3D‐Printed Carrageenan‐Based Nanocomposites for Force‐Sensing Applications

“…[11] Carrageenan is a natural polymer that has shown great potential for several applications, including smart packaging, [12] drug delivery, [13] and biomedicine. [14] Carrageenan is a natural sulfated and anionic polysaccharide (carbohydrate) extracted from the multicellular wall of certain species of red algae seaweeds of the Rhodophyceae family such as Chondrus crispus, Gigartina, Euchuema, and Hypnea. Carrageenan exists in large abundance in nature at low cost.…”

“…[15b] This is the reason for selecting iota (ι)-carrageenan for a large variety of applications, since its sulfation is an intermediate value. [18] Carrageenan is a natural polymer that has shown great potential for several applications, including smart packaging, [12] drug delivery, [13] biomedicine, [14] fuel cells, [19] electrochromic devices, [19] and solid polymer electrolytes. [16] As representative examples, a polymer-salt complex based on ι-carrageenan and ammonium bromide (NH 4 Br) has been produced by solutioncasting method, leading to a maximum ionic conductivity of 1.46 Â 10 À5 S cm À1 and an electrochemical stability window of 2.1 V. [20] NH 4 NO 3 within ι-carrageenan has been applied to electrochemical devices [19] and solid polymer electrolytes have been developed with ι-carrageenan as polymer host and lithium chloride (LiC) as filler, leading to a high room temperature conductivity of 5.33 Â 10 À3 S cm À1 for the 1.0 g ι-carrageenan: 0.3 g LiCl sample.…”