Biomedical Applications of Carbohydrate-based Polyurethane: From Biosynthesis to Degradation

Abstract

The foremost common natural polymers are carbohydrate-based polymers or polysaccharides, having a long chain of monosaccharide or disaccharide units linked together via a glycosidic linkage to form a complex structure. There are several uses of carbohydrate-based polymers in biomedical sector due to its attractive features including less toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, high reactivity, availability, and relatively inexpensive. The aim of our study was to explore the synthetic approaches for the preparation of numerous carbohydrate-based polyurethanes (PUs) and their wide range of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The data summarized in this study shows that the addition of carbohydrates in the structural skeleton of PUs not only improve their suitability but also effect the applicability for employing them in biological applications. Carbohydrate-based units are incorporated into the PUs, which is the most convenient method for the synthesis of novel biocompatible and biodegradable carbohydrate-based PUs to use in various biomedical applications.

Nanocomposite Foams of Polyurethane with Carbon Nanoparticles—Design and Competence towards Shape Memory, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding, and Biomedical Fields

“…Progress in the field of polyurethanes led to several innovative biomedical areas ranging from drug delivery to tissue engineering [120]. Consequently, polyurethanes have been frequently used to form drug delivery carriers, stents, catheters, adhesives, coatings, bioimplants, and other tissue engineering scaffolds [121][122][123]. Accordingly, polyurethane foam materials have been developed and applied for numerous in vivo and in vitro uses [124,125].…”

Forest Road Subgrade Improvement by Lime and Sodium Nanoalginate Used as Stabilizers for Clay Soils

“…The results of recent studies indicated that sodium nanoalginate is a cheap and environmentally friendly material [32,33]. Sodium nanoalginate also holds good thermal and mechanical stability and has a high self-healing capability when exposed to air [34,35]; it is soluble in hot and cold water, obtained by dissolving a liquid with high viscosity, and forms irreversible gels in reaction with calcium salts or acids. Sodium nanoalginate gels hold characteristics such as viscosity and material stabilization properties [36,37].…”