Biomedical Application of Dental Tissue‐Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Abstract

The academic researches and clinical applications in recent years found interest in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs-) based regenerative medicine due to their pluripotency able to differentiate into any cell types in the body without using embryo. However, it is limited in generating iPSCs from adult somatic cells and use of these cells due to the low stem cell potency and donor site morbidity. In biomedical applications, particularly, dental tissue-derived iPSCs have been getting attention as a type of alternative sources for regenerating damaged tissues due to high potential of stem cell characteristics, easy accessibility and attainment, and their ectomesenchymal origin, which allow them to have potential for nerve, vessel, and dental tissue regeneration. This paper will cover the overview of dental tissue-derived iPSCs and their application with their advantages and drawbacks.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Dental and Nondental Tissue Regeneration: A Review of an Unexploited Potential

“…Currently, several attempts are carried out to overcome this through the use of nonviral vectors [25,26] but are hindered by their lower transfection efficacy, especially following iPSC passaging. Luckily, utilizing terminally differentiated iPSCs prior to implantation in addition to using nonviral vectors can help reduce risk of tumor formation [151]. Moreover, iPSCs can be reprogrammed via Oct3/4, Sox2, and Klf4, while omitting c-Myc which is a potent oncogene [14,15,152].…”

“…Another limitation associated with most current stem/progenitor cell isolation and expansion protocols lies in the utilization of xenogeneic-derived products in iPSC protocols. iPSCs are usually cultured on xenogeneic feeder cells that maintain the cells in an undifferentiated state without affecting their pluripotency [157], as well as fetal bovine serum that represents an important culture medium constituent [151,158]. Using xenogeneic products in clinical trials could elicit an immunogenic reaction, carry a risk of disease transmission [151,158], and affect reproducibility, as the exact composition of bovine serum varies greatly [159].…”

“…iPSCs are usually cultured on xenogeneic feeder cells that maintain the cells in an undifferentiated state without affecting their pluripotency [157], as well as fetal bovine serum that represents an important culture medium constituent [151,158]. Using xenogeneic products in clinical trials could elicit an immunogenic reaction, carry a risk of disease transmission [151,158], and affect reproducibility, as the exact composition of bovine serum varies greatly [159]. An additional problem creating an obstacle for the clinical application of iPSCs is the reduced generation efficacy [23], where iPSC generation efficiency using fibroblasts is extremely low.…”

“…An additional problem creating an obstacle for the clinical application of iPSCs is the reduced generation efficacy [23], where iPSC generation efficiency using fibroblasts is extremely low. Even though generation efficiency is 4 to 10 times greater using dental pulp stem cells than fibroblasts, it is still relatively low for application in regenerative medicine [151].…”

Comparative Analysis of the Water Sorption and Cytotoxicity of Two different Denture Base Systems: An in vitro Study

“…These hold true particularly in the area of anterior tooth regions. 3 Due to their shorter setting time, the light-activated restorative and prosthetic materials have the capability of releasing few amounts of cytotoxic materials in the oral cavity. However, these appear to be more biocompatible…”