Biomechanics of Teeth in Bone: Function, Movement, and Prosthetic Rehabilitation

Herring, Susan W.

doi:10.1002/9781118704868.ch30

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The structural phenotype of bundle bone is not typical of development, but is related to the latter stages of the organ when it comes into function (i.e. mastication) [14, 24-27] during which time mechanical loads are felt by the bone-ligament-tooth complex. Bone continuously adapts to accommodate mechanical loads identifying the “functional plasticity” of alveolar bone [14, 24-27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mastication) [14, 24-27] during which time mechanical loads are felt by the bone-ligament-tooth complex. Bone continuously adapts to accommodate mechanical loads identifying the “functional plasticity” of alveolar bone [14, 24-27]. Regardless, adaptation over time prompts a uniform periodontal ligament space of 150-380 μm [1, 3] which constitutes an optimum range of motion for the tooth inside the alveolar socket.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The plastic nature of the human bone–periodontal ligament–tooth fibrous joint

Kurylo

Grandfield

et al. 2013

Bone

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This study investigates bony protrusions within a narrowed periodontal ligament space (PDL-space) of a human bone-PDL-tooth fibrous joint by mapping structural, biochemical, and mechanical heterogeneity. Higher resolution structural characterization was achieved via complementary atomic force microscopy (AFM), nano transmission X-ray microscopy (nano-TXM), and micro tomography (Micro XCT™). Structural heterogeneity was correlated to biochemical and elemental composition, illustrated via histochemistry and microprobe X-ray fluorescence analysis (μ-XRF), and mechanical heterogeneity evaluated by AFM-based nanoindentation. Results demonstrated that the narrowed PDL-space was due to invasion of bundle bone (BB) into PDL-space. Protruded BB had a wider range with higher elastic modulus values (2-8 GPa) compared to lamellar bone (0.8-6 GPa), and increased quantities of Ca, P and Zn as revealed by μ-XRF. Interestingly, the hygroscopic 10-30 μm interface between protruded BB and lamellar bone exhibited higher X-ray attenuation similar to cement lines and lamellae within bone. Localization of the small leucine rich proteoglycan biglycan (BGN) responsible for mineralization was observed at the PDL-bone interface and around the osteocyte lacunae. Based on these results, it can be argued that the LB-BB interface was the original site of PDL attachment, and that the genesis of protruded BB identified as protrusions occurred as a result of shift in strain. We emphasize the importance of bony protrusions within the context of organ function and that additional study is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The plastic nature of the human bone–periodontal ligament–tooth fibrous joint

Kurylo

Grandfield

et al. 2013

Bone

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“…The bone-tooth fibrous joint is a dynamic organ that responds to several extrinsic factors to maintain occlusal function (Herring, 2012; Ten Cate, 1998). One prominent extrinsic factor is functional load (Herring, 2012; Popowics et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of a bone–periodontal ligament–tooth fibrous joint

Lin

Özcoban

Greene

et al. 2013

Journal of Biomechanics

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This study investigates bone-tooth association under compression to identify strain amplified sites within the bone-periodontal ligament (PDL)-tooth fibrous joint. Our results indicate that the biomechanical response of the joint is due to a combinatorial response of constitutive properties of organic, inorganic, and fluid components. Second maxillary molars within intact maxillae (N=8) of 5-month-old rats were loaded with a μ-XCT-compatible in situ loading device at various permutations of displacement rates (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mm/min) and peak reactionary load responses (5, 10, 15, 20 N). Results indicated a nonlinear biomechanical response of the joint, in which the observed reactionary load rates were directly proportional to displacement rates (velocities). No significant differences in peak reactionary load rates at a displacement rate of 0.2 mm/min were observed. However, for displacement rates greater than 0.2 mm/min, an increasing trend in reactionary rate was observed for every peak reactionary load with significant increases at 2.0 mm/min. Regardless of displacement rates, two distinct behaviors were identified with stiffness (S) and reactionary load rate (LR) values at a peak load of 5 N (S5 N=290–523 N/mm) being significantly lower than those at 10 N (LR5 N=1–10 N/s) and higher (S10N–20 N=380–684 N/mm; LR10N–20 N=1–19 N/s). Digital image correlation revealed the possibility of a screw-like motion of the tooth into the PDL-space, i.e., predominant vertical displacement of 35 μm at 5 N, followed by a slight increase to 40 μm at 10 N and 50 μm at 20 N of the tooth and potential tooth rotation at loads above 10 N. Narrowed and widened PDL spaces as a result of tooth displacement indicated areas of increased apparent strain within the complex. We propose that such highly strained regions are “hot spots” that can potentiate local tissue adaptation under physiological loading and adverse tissue adaptation under pathological loading conditions.

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“…Soft-hard tissue attachment sites (entheses) in the musculoskeletal and the oral and craniofacial systems are formed by insertions of soft, fibrous tendon/ligaments into mineralized tissues (4–7). This integration is due to structural rearrangement of collagen, interplay of water molecules with globular and fibrillar proteins, varying organic to inorganic ratios, and the nanosize crystal association within and around collagen fibrils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic discontinuity due to ectopic calcification in a human fibrous joint

et al. 2013

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Disease can alter the natural ramp-like elastic gradients to steeper step-like profiles at soft-hard tissue interfaces. Prolonged function can further mediate mechanochemical events that alter biomechanical response within diseased organs. In this study a human bone-tooth fibrous joint was chosen as a model system, in which the effects of bacterial-induced disease, i.e. periodontitis, on natural elastic gradients were investigated. Specifically, the effects of ectopic biomineral, i.e. calculus, on innate chemical and elastic gradients within the diseased cementum-dentin complex in comparison to a healthy complex, both of which are fundamental parameters to load-bearing tissues, will be discussed. Complementary techniques for mapping changes in physicochemical properties as a result of disease, included micro-X-ray computed tomography, microprobe micro X-ray fluorescence imaging, transmission electron and atomic force microscopy (TEM, AFM) techniques, and AFM-based nanoindentation. Results demonstrated primary effects as derivatives of ectopic mineralization within the diseased fibrous joint. Ectopic mineralization with no cementum resorption, but altered cementum physicochemical properties with increasing X-ray attenuation, exhibited stratified concretion with increasing X-ray fluorescence counts of calcium and phosphorus elements in the extracellular matrix. These were correlated to decreased hygroscopicity, indenter displacement, and apparent strain relieving characteristics. Disease progression identified as concretion through the periodontal ligament (PDL)-cementum enthesis and sometimes the originally hygroscopic cementum-dentin junction, resulted in a significantly increased indentation elastic modulus (3.16±1.19 GPa) and a shift toward a discontinuous interface compared to healthy conditions (1.54±0.83 GPa) (Student’s t-test, p<0.05). The observed primary effects could result in secondary downstream effects, such as compromised mechanobiology at the mechanically active PDL-cementum enthesis that can catalyze disease progression.

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Biomechanics of Teeth in Bone: Function, Movement, and Prosthetic Rehabilitation

Cited by 10 publications

References 105 publications

The plastic nature of the human bone–periodontal ligament–tooth fibrous joint

The plastic nature of the human bone–periodontal ligament–tooth fibrous joint

Biomechanics of a bone–periodontal ligament–tooth fibrous joint

Elastic discontinuity due to ectopic calcification in a human fibrous joint

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