Biomechanical properties and thermal characteristics of frozen versus thawed whole bone

Brazdă, I; Reeves, Jacob M.; Langohr, G. Daniel G.; Crookshank, Meghan; Schemitsch, Emil H.; Zdero, Radovan

doi:10.1177/0954411920929455

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…The information on the thermal properties of bone is also essential because bones are susceptible to mortification at low temperatures which may be higher than that required to kill the tumors. 17,18 The thermal conductivity of normal and decalcified femur, rib, and scapula of the animals' ox and camel, was determined by using a modified Lee's apparatus and tabulated in Table 1. The specific heat determined using the principle of method of mixture is tabulated in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Collagen Molecules and Hydroxyapatite Salt on Thermal Properties of Rib, Scapula, and Femur of Some Bovines under Normal and Decalcified Conditions

Rauf¹,

Ahmad²

2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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The study of thermal properties such as conductivity and specific heat of biomaterials is very important as most biological processes, in which biological tissues, cells, and molecules are involved are dependent on body temperature. The main source of body heat is the chemical metabolism of food. Various mechanisms are being adopted by different types of animals to maintain body temperature, such as reducing blood flow through the capillaries nearest the skin surface, body hair can be fluffed up to increase insulation, heat production by shivering, etc. The hard and soft tissues, such as the flesh and bone of animals, play a very important role in keeping the required body temperature. The thermal conductivity and specific heat of the femur, rib, and scapula of two different environment animal ox, the wetland and camel desert dry land are investigated in normal and decalcified conditions. Modified Lee’s apparatus has been used to determine the thermal conductivity, while Renault’s apparatus which is based on the principle of the method of mixtures has been employed for determining the specific heat of samples that were pelletized. A difference in conductivities and specific heat of various bones in both animals was observed due to varied calcium phosphate. The decalcified bone samples of ox and camel show higher thermal conductivity compared to normal bones, while a decrease in specific heat was observed in decalcified bones. The specific heat is affected by the variations in the molecular structure due to changes in temperature. The paper suggests that these techniques are simple, elegant, and inexpensive besides being accurate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Collagen Molecules and Hydroxyapatite Salt on Thermal Properties of Rib, Scapula, and Femur of Some Bovines under Normal and Decalcified Conditions

Rauf¹,

Ahmad²

2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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“…Although we did not find a significant correlation between colla- Another potential limitation is the effects freezing may have on bone and its mechanical properties. For example, previously frozen porcine bone was found to have higher stiffness and elastic modulus than fresh bone [61]. On a microscopic level, Tersigni [62] found cracks emanating from some osteons in SEM images of previously frozen bone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do bone elasticity and postmortem interval affect forensic fractographic analyses?

Skinner

Langley

Joseph

et al. 2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Forensic fractographic features of bone reliably establish crack propagation in perimortem injuries. We investigated if similar fracture surface features characterize postmortem fractures. Experimentally induced peri‐ and postmortem fractures were used to assess if fractographic features vary as bone elasticity decreases during the postmortem interval (PMI). Thirty‐seven unembalmed, defleshed human femoral shafts from males and females aged 33–81 years were fractured at varying PMIs with a drop test frame using a three‐point bending setup and recorded with a high‐speed camera. Vital statistics, cause of death, PMI length, temperature, humidity, collagen percentage, water loss, fracture energy, and fractography scores were recorded for each sample. Results showed that fractographic features associated with perimortem fractures were expressed in PMIs up to 40,600 accumulated degree hours (ADH), or 60 warm weather days. Hackle was the most consistently expressed feature, occurring in all fractures regardless of ADH. The most variable characteristics were wake features (78.4%) and arrest ridges (70.3%). Collagen percentage did not correlate strongly with ADH (r = −0.04, p = 0.81); however, there was a strong significant correlation between ADH and water loss (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Multinomial logistic regression showed no association between fractographic feature expression and ADH or collagen percentage. In conclusion, forensic fractographic features reliably determine initiation and directionality of crack propagation in experimentally induced PMIs up to 40,600 ADH, demonstrating the utility of this method into the recent postmortem interval. This expression of reliable fractographic features throughout the early PMI intimates these characteristics may not be useful standalone features for discerning peri‐ versus postmortem fractures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frozen bone samples can be utilized in research to inves tigate the mechanical properties of bone [43]. Moreover, the literature indicates no varia tion in mechanical properties between fresh and frozen cortical bone [44,45]. Samples were cut with a hand tool and then shaped using a Buehler Isomet 4000 sample cutting linear saw equipped with a cBN cutting wheel.…”

Section: Bone Characteristics and Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Osteon Orientation on Surface Topography Parameters after Machining of Cortical Bone Tissue

et al. 2023

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Mechanical processing of cortical bone tissue is one of the most common surgical procedures. A critical issue accompanying this processing is the condition of the surface layer, which can stimulate tissue growth and serve as a drug carrier. A comparison of the surface condition before and after orthogonal and abrasive processing was conducted to validate the influence of bone tissue’s processing mechanism and orthotropic properties on the surface topography. A cutting tool with a defined geometry and a custom-made abrasive tool was used. The bone samples were cut in three directions, depending on the orientation of the osteons. The cutting forces, acoustic emission, and surface topography were measured. The level of isotropy and the topography of the grooves showed statistical differences relative to the anisotropy directions. After orthogonal processing, the surface topography parameter Ra was determined from 1.38 ± 0.17 μm to 2.82 ± 0.32. In the case of abrasive processing, no correlation was found between the orientation of osteons and topographical properties. The average groove density for abrasive machining was below 1004 ± 0.7, and for orthogonal, it was above 1156 ± 58. Due to the positive properties of the developed bone surface, it is advisable to cut in the transverse direction and parallel to the axis of the osteons.

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Biomechanical properties and thermal characteristics of frozen versus thawed whole bone

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of Collagen Molecules and Hydroxyapatite Salt on Thermal Properties of Rib, Scapula, and Femur of Some Bovines under Normal and Decalcified Conditions

Effect of Collagen Molecules and Hydroxyapatite Salt on Thermal Properties of Rib, Scapula, and Femur of Some Bovines under Normal and Decalcified Conditions

Do bone elasticity and postmortem interval affect forensic fractographic analyses?

The Influence of Osteon Orientation on Surface Topography Parameters after Machining of Cortical Bone Tissue

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