Biomechanical mechanism of Tai-Chi gait for preventing falls: A pilot study

Yang, Feng; Liu, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109769

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Tai Chi is a form of traditional physical and mental training that ranges in intensity from low to medium intensity, depending on the training style, posture, and duration. Studies have shown that Tai Chi training improves health-related biomarkers, and for a better body balance, Tai Chi gait recruits more lower limb muscles than conventional gait [ 20 , 21 ]. Therefore, Tai Chi may be an economic and effective exercise program for improving balance [ 22 ], strength [ 23 ], and aerobic endurance [ 24 , 25 ], as demonstrated by the fact that after one year of Tai Chi training, the maximum oxygen uptake of the elderly increased by 18.7%, and even the risk of falls in the frail elderly reduced by 47.5% [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a Hybrid Exercise Program on the Physical Abilities of Frail Elderly and Explainable Artificial-Intelligence-Based Clinical Assistance

Meng

Guo

Liang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Due to the low physical fitness of the frail elderly, current exercise program strategies have a limited impact. Eight-form Tai Chi has a low intensity, but high effectiveness in the elderly. Inspired by it, we designed an exercise program that incorporates eight-form Tai Chi, strength, and endurance exercises, to improve physical fitness and reverse frailty in the elderly. Additionally, for the ease of use in clinical practice, machine learning simulations were used to predict the frailty status after the intervention. Methods: For 24 weeks, 150 frail elderly people completed the experiment, which comprised the eight-form Tai Chi group (TC), the strength and endurance training group (SE), and a comprehensive intervention combining both TC and SE (TCSE). The comparison of the demographic variables used one-way ANOVA for continuous data and the chi-squared test for categorical data. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine significant main effects and interaction effects. Eleven machine learning models were used to predict the frailty status of the elderly following the intervention. Results: Two-way repeated measures ANOVA results before the intervention, group effects of ten-meter maximum walking speed (10 m MWS), grip strength (GS), timed up and go test (TUGT), and the six-minute walk test (6 min WT) were not significant. There was a significant interaction effect of group × time in ten-meter maximum walking speed, grip strength, and the six-minute walk test. Post hoc tests showed that after 24 weeks of intervention, subjects in the TCSE group showed the greatest significant improvements in ten-meter maximum walking speed (p < 0.05) and the six-minute walk test (p < 0.05) compared to the TC group and SE group. The improvement in grip strength in the TCSE group (4.29 kg) was slightly less than that in the SE group (5.16 kg). There was neither a significant main effect nor a significant interaction effect for TUGT in subjects. The stacking model outperformed other algorithms. Accuracy and the F1-score were 67.8% and 71.3%, respectively. Conclusion: A hybrid exercise program consisting of eight-form Tai Chi and strength and endurance exercises can more effectively improve physical fitness and reduce frailty among the elderly. It is possible to predict whether an elderly person will reverse frailty following an exercise program based on the stacking model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a Hybrid Exercise Program on the Physical Abilities of Frail Elderly and Explainable Artificial-Intelligence-Based Clinical Assistance

Meng

Guo

Liang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Researchers found Tai Chi movements could produce vertical weight-bearing force and activate the lumbar erector spine muscle and lower extremity muscle (Chan et al, 2003 ; Wu and Hitt, 2005 ). Compared with a normal gait, the Tai Chi gait had a greater peak shear force and larger frontal-plane joint moment in the hip (Wu and Millon, 2008 ; Yang and Liu, 2020 ). Previous meta-analysis (Yang et al, 2021 ) demonstrated that Tai Chi could improve the thoracolumbar spine flexibility and enhance lower limb muscle strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect and safety of Tai Chi on bone health in postmenopausal women: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Liu

Jiang

Ren

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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BackgroundTai Chi may be a promising exercise to prevent and control bone loss in postmenopausal women. This meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis aimed to evaluate the effect and safety of Tai Chi on bone health in postmenopausal women.MethodSeven databases were searched from their inceptions to 11 May 2022 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect and safety of Tai Chi on bone health in postmenopausal women. Two independent reviewers identified the eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. The primary outcome was the bone mineral density (BMD), and secondary outcomes included bone turnover markers and calcaneus quantitative ultrasound. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the duration of Tai Chi. Sensitivity analyses and publication bias assessment were performed. RevMan software (version 5.4.1) and R software (version 3.6.1) were used for data synthesis. The certainty of evidence was rated with the Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system. We also performed the trial sequential analysis to evaluate the reliability of the evidence.ResultsA total of 25 reports involving 24 studies were included. Four studies were considered as high overall risk of bias, and the rest were some concerns. Among included studies, there were three comparisons including Tai Chi vs. non-intervention, Tai Chi vs. other exercises, and Tai Chi plus nutraceutical vs. nutraceutical. Compared with non-intervention, Tai Chi was more effective to improve BMD of lumbar spine (MD = 0.04, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.07, I2 = 0%, low certainty), femoral neck (MD = 0.04, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.06, I2 = 0%, low certainty), and trochanter (MD = 0.02, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.03, I2 = 0%, very low certainty), but there was no significant difference in increasing the BMD of Ward's triangle (MD = 0.02, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.04, I2 = 0%, very low certainty). Trial sequential analysis showed that the effect of Tai Chi vs. non-intervention on the BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck was reliable, but the effect on the BMD of trochanter and Ward's triangle needed further verification. The subgroup analyses suggested that Tai Chi training for over 6 months had greater improvement in BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and trochanter than non-intervention. No significant differences were observed in the above outcomes of Tai Chi vs. other exercises, and Tai Chi plus nutraceutical vs. nutraceutical. There was insufficient evidence to support the effect of Tai Chi on bone turnover markers and calcaneus quantitative ultrasound. Few Tai Chi relevant adverse events occurred.ConclusionTai Chi may be an optional and safe exercise for improving BMD loss in postmenopausal women, and practicing Tai Chi for more than 6 months may yield greater benefits. However, more rigorously designed RCTs are required to verify the benefits and to explore the optimal protocol of Tai Chi exercise for bone health.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=309148, identifier: CRD42022309148.

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“…In contrast to previous studies, which tended to choose elderly or nonprofessional persons with long-term tai chi experiences to conduct tai chi biomechanics research [ 17 , 28 , 32 , 33 ], in this study, we selected professional tai chi practitioners to allow uniform assessment of the selected four typical tai chi movements in different poses. We observed that even with such relatively uniform tai chi movements, different movements and poses and different knee ROM and COM displacements significantly impacted knee joint load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Knee Joint Load and Influencing Factors of Typical Tai Chi Movements

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Background. Tai chi is recognized worldwide for its rehabilitation abilities and healthcare benefits. However, in recent years, some movements associated with tai chi have been shown to damage the lower limb joints. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of different movements, postures, center of mass (COM) movements, and range of knee movement of tai chi exercises on knee joint load. Methods. Fourteen professional tai chi practitioners in two postures (high and low) were enrolled to perform the following four typical tai chi movements: wild horse’s mane (WHM), repulse monkey (RM), wave-hand in cloud (WHIC), and grasp the bird’s tail (GBT). Kinematic and kinetics data were synchronously collected using the Vicon infrared high-speed motion capture system and a three-dimensional (3D) force measurement platform. Variance analysis and partial correlation analysis were performed to investigate factors influencing peak knee joint moment and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF). Results. The results showed that the peak knee extension and abduction moment were larger in WHM and RM than those in WHIC and GBT ( p < 0.05 ). WHM was associated with greater rotation moment than the other typical movements ( p < 0.05 ). VGRF and joint moment among different poses were significantly different. Low-pose tai chi typical movements were associated with greater VGRF, knee joint extension and abduction, and rotation moments than high-pose movements ( p < 0.05 ). The anteroposterior and mediolateral COM displacements were strongly and positively associated with VGRF ( p < 0.001 ), while the mediolateral COM displacement was negatively associated with knee extension moment ( p < 0.001 ). The knee internal-external rotation ROM and anteroposterior and mediolateral COM displacements were positively associated with knee abduction moment ( p < 0.01 ). Conclusion. For long-term tai chi exercises, choosing a suitable posture based on an individual exercise level and reasonable control of knee ROM and COM displacement can reduce the risk of knee injury during exercise.

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Biomechanical mechanism of Tai-Chi gait for preventing falls: A pilot study

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Effectiveness of a Hybrid Exercise Program on the Physical Abilities of Frail Elderly and Explainable Artificial-Intelligence-Based Clinical Assistance

Effectiveness of a Hybrid Exercise Program on the Physical Abilities of Frail Elderly and Explainable Artificial-Intelligence-Based Clinical Assistance

The effect and safety of Tai Chi on bone health in postmenopausal women: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Research on Knee Joint Load and Influencing Factors of Typical Tai Chi Movements

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