Biomechanical energetic analysis of technique during learning the longswing on the high bar

Williams, Genevieve; Irwin, Gareth; Kerwin, David G.; Newell, Karl M.

doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.990484

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In order to be successful at the upstart the learner must acquire the "correct" technique (and coordination) and therefore technique and coordination approach that of the elite performer as learning progresses. In the case of the longswing the solution space is somewhat less constrained, since energy can be added to the system with varying contributions from the shoulder and hip joint actions (Williams et al, 2015b). However, as the longswing is a fundamental skill that is used in the development of more advanced skills (Busquets et al, 2011;Hiley & Yeadon, 2016;), coaches do not view success as merely achieving a longswing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Williams et al (2016) stated it may not be the coupling of the shoulder and hip that is as important as the biomechanical constraints of the task. The explanation was that in previous studies the hip actions of novices had become more like the expert, but the contribution of the shoulder was limited (Williams et al, 2015a(Williams et al, , 2015b, and therefore lead to different shoulder-hip coordination patterns. As Busquets et al (2013) suggest, it is important that the components of the technique are built initially.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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How do technique and coordination change during learning of a whole-body task: Application to the upstart in gymnastics

Hiley

Schmid

Yeadon

2019

Journal of Sports Sciences

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When learning swinging skills on a bar there has been conflicting advice in the research literature regarding whether to coach the "gold standard" technique to novices. The present study aimed to determine how technique (joint angle time histories) and (inter-limb) coordination changed as novice gymnasts learned a fundamental gymnastics skill (the upstart). It was hypothesised that both technique and coordination would become more like an expert as learning progressed. Eight novice gymnasts, unable to perform an upstart, underwent four months of training, with the number of successful upstarts out of 10 recorded at the start and then every month subsequently. In the first and last sessions motion capture was used to determine joint kinematics. Root mean squared differences for the joint angle time histories and continuous relative phase at the shoulder and hip were calculated between the novices and an expert gymnast. As training progressed technique and coordination became more like the expert gymnast. The more successful novices were better able to time their actions within the swing than the less successful novices. Gymnastics coaches teach towards a "gold standard" technique since being successful at the skill is not the only goal, as considerations for future skill development are made.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

How do technique and coordination change during learning of a whole-body task: Application to the upstart in gymnastics

Hiley

Schmid

Yeadon

2019

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…There were periods across the multiple practice sessions (4, 5, and 6) where each approach revealed distinct changes in the technique of the participants. Additionally, participants fell into certain subgroups in relation to particular characteristics of technique change, not an uncommon finding in the learning of whole-body motor skills (Williams, Irwin, Kerwin, & Newell, 2015;Teulier & Delignières, 2007;Haibach, Daniels & Newell, 2004); that are likely due to differences in individual constraints and intrinsic dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding provides support for the proposition of Hong and Newell (2006) At the whole-body level, all participants showed a transition in technique that was captured by a significant change in ROM of three or more joints during one single session. However, the combination of joints involved was individual specific, not an uncommon finding in motor learning literature (Williams, Irwin, Kerwin, & Newell, 2015;Teulier & Delignières, 2007;Haibach, Daniels & Newell, 2004). A drawback of describing technique change through individual degrees of freedom is the inability to explore how these joints are coordinated.…”

Section: Bernstein (1967) Joint Range Of Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and quantitative change in the kinematics of learning a non-dominant overarm throw

Palmer

Newell

Gordon

et al. 2018

Human Movement Science

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“…Since the pioneering works of Kelso [8][9] this has not only been explicitly shown for ne motor skills, such as nger or hand movements 10 , but also for gross motor skills, such as walking or running 11 . More recent research showed that this seems to be also true for more complex skills such as rotations with and without ight phases in gymnastics [12][13] . Seen in the long term, the aforementioned repertoire of coordination states is (continually) in uenced and shaped by several factors such as genes, perceptions, or cognitions [14][15][16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Option selection in whole-body rotation movements in gymnastics

Heinen

Nicolaus

2016

Rev. bras. educ. fís. esporte

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When a gymnast performs a somersault, the linear and angular momentum along with a particular control of inertia during the flight phase constrain the possibilities for action. Given the complexity and dynamic nature of the human moving system, one could argue that there exist a particular amount of stable coordination states when performing somersaults. The goal of this study was to explore the manifold of movement options and coordination states along with their differentiating parameters for a single somersault in gymnastics based on a simple mathematical model reflecting gymnast’s rotation behavior during the flight phase. Biomechanical parameters determining rotation behavior during a somersault were systematically varied with regard to a particular set of biomechanical constraints defining a successful somersault performance. Batch simulations revealed that from 10229760 simulation cycles only 655346 (approximately 6.41%) led to successful somersault performance. A subsequent analysis of the movement option landscape for the optimum angular momentum revealed ten coordination states for a single somersault that could be clearly distinguished based on the simulation parameters. Taken the results together, it becomes apparent that it may be most advisable to perform a single somersault with a larger moment of inertia when achieving the tucked position, a longer duration to achieve the tucked position, a longer duration of staying tucked, and an intermediate moment of inertia during landing. This strategy comprises the largest amount of movement options associated with an upright landing and thus the highest probability of success when performing a single somersault.

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Biomechanical energetic analysis of technique during learning the longswing on the high bar

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

How do technique and coordination change during learning of a whole-body task: Application to the upstart in gymnastics

How do technique and coordination change during learning of a whole-body task: Application to the upstart in gymnastics

Qualitative and quantitative change in the kinematics of learning a non-dominant overarm throw

Option selection in whole-body rotation movements in gymnastics

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