Biomechanical and histomorphometric evaluation of a thin ion beam bioceramic deposition on plateau root form implants: An experimental study in dogs

Abstract

The higher torque to interface fracture and increased bone maturity obtained in this study support that the surface modification comprising a 300-500 nm Ca- and P-based bioceramic coating positively influenced healing around pleateau root form implants.

Progressive plateau root form dental implant osseointegration: A human retrieval study

“…While preclinical studies concerning the effect of PRFI surface on early osseointegration have shown that calciumphosphate coated implants presented higher degrees of osseointegration over time, 5,6,8,20 no difference in BIC and BAFO were detected between the three different surfaces evaluated in the present study. Concerning specific implant design parameters evaluated, no individual or combination of parameters (implant diameter, length, and surface) resulted in higher BIC or BAFO, suggesting that after osseointegration is successfully achieved, implant diameter, length, and surface have minimum to no effect on its temporal fate.…”

“…On the other hand, it has been reported that PRFI heal through the formation of healing chambers generated due to the discrepancy between the final drilling diameter and the implant geometric configuration. [4][5][6]8,19,20 Such healing chambers, upon implant placement, are immediately filled with the blood clot and will subsequently ossify through an intramembranous-like pathway described in detail by Berglundh et al (2003). This osseointegration pathway has been temporally characterized in preclinical studies, where bone formation through the intramembranous-like pathway leads to rapid healing chamber filling with woven bone that is subsequently replaced by lamellar bone surrounding multiple osteonic structures throughout the healing chamber volume.…”

“…Furthermore, sample inhomogeneity due to differences in implant design (chiefly macrogeometry), time of functional loading, loading protocols, and clinical parameters during the time of placement makes it extremely difficult to draw conclusions. 8 Thus, in reality, most of the existing human retrieval studies are based on failed implants or on limited number of stable implants that were extracted for different reasons.…”

Osseointegration: Hierarchical designing encompassing the macrometer, micrometer, and nanometer length scales

“…Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the coating thickness played a role in biomechanical results [129]. In larger preclinical in vivo models, significantly higher levels of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and biomechanical fixation were observed when commercially available implants were utilized [115,118,[131][132][133]. While significant improvements were consistently obtained relative to uncoated implants, studies that considered IBAD-versus PSHA-coated implants demonstrated that the PSHA-coated implants outperformed the IBAD-coated ones, especially with respect to biomechanical competence at early implantation times [118,129,132,134].…”

“…While their final physicochemical configurations are distinctively different, both surfaces are manufactured by an initial subtractive method prior to their divergent additive methods. For the Bicon surface, a 20-50-nm-thick ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of calcium phosphate (CaP) results in the coating of a moderately rough microtextured substrate obtained by alumina blasting/acid etching (AB/AE) [115]. In the case of Biomet 3i surface, Discrete Crystalline Deposition (DCD TM ), deposition of nanoscale CaP particles onto the textured, acid-etched surface is performed via a sol-gel process.…”