Biomechanical Analysis of X-Pattern Exotropia

Alphabet Patterns

“…von Noorden (1974) stated that in X-pattern exotropia oblique dysfunction was secondary to the divergent deviation. Brandner et al (2011), using computer-based simulation of eye movement to test whether oblique muscle overaction, contracture of the lateral rectus or a divergent strabismus could best predict an X-pattern, concluded that oblique muscle overaction combined with a divergent deviation gave the best fit. A similar miswiring is seen in the innervational up-and down-shoots in Duane's syndrome (Kraft 1988).…”

“…Surgery on the overacting oblique muscles is not usually required (Limόn de Brown 1971;Brandner et al 2011;Kekunnaya et al 2011). Surgery on the overacting oblique muscles is not usually required (Limόn de Brown 1971;Brandner et al 2011;Kekunnaya et al 2011).…”