Biomechanical analyses of forearm pronation-supination and elbow flexion-extension

Youm, Youngil; Dryer, Randall F.; Thambyrajah, K.; Flatt, Adrian E.; Sprague, Bruce L.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(79)90067-8

Cited by 130 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In normal forearm kinematics, the majority of rotation is radial rotation around the ulna, and the AOR passes through the center of the radial head and distally through the fovea on the ulnar head. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] For abnormal kinematics, a few investigators have reported in vitro studies, describing the influence of malunited forearm fractures on forearm ROM. 31,32 Motion analysis of radioulnar synostosis has not been previously reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ROM and AOR were visualized using surface bone models. 21 To quantify displacement of the AOR for the radius relative to the ulna, the distance from center of the radial head to the AOR (d-R) and the distance from the fovea on the ulnar head to the AOR (d-U) were investigated assuming that the normal AOR passes through the center of the radial head and fovea on the ulnar head [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] ( Fig. 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In normal forearm kinematics, the radius rotates mainly in an arc about the ulna during pronation/supination, and the AOR passes through the center of the radial head and distally through the fovea on the ulnar head. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] In vivo 3D analysis that enables accurate evaluation of ROM and AOR would offer a useful tool for understanding pathological motions of the forearm with deformity or congenital anomaly. These techniques utilize image registration to determine relationships between several image volumes represented at different coordinates via CT. 20 Any in vivo motion of one bone relative to another bone can be analyzed and the AOR associated with any joint motion can be calculated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo three‐dimensional motion analysis of the forearm with radioulnar synostosis treated by the kanaya procedure

Oka

Doi

Suzuki

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Attempts to separate congenital radioulnar synostosis and restore forearm rotation had been disappointing until a new mobilization technique was developed by Kanaya and colleagues using free vascularized fascio-fat graft interposition. This technique provides a functional rotation arc, but postoperative forearm motion is difficult to evaluate given the inaccuracies in determining the range of motion and rotational axis using conventional x-rays or computed tomography. This study represents an attempt to analyze in vivo three-dimensional motion of the forearm with radioulnar synostosis treated by Kanaya's operation using a markerless bone registration technique. Six patients with seven postoperative forearms (six with congenital and one with posttraumatic radioulnar synostosis) underwent 3D computed tomography with the forearm in neutral, fully pronated, and fully supinated positions. Range of motion according to this method was 30 AE 188, significantly smaller than the 82 AE 298 from manual examination. Improvements in range of motion were significantly greater in cases without dislocation of the radial head (46 AE 138) than in cases with dislocation (19 AE 108). Dislocation of the radial head was also significantly correlated with an abnormal axis of rotation of the forearm. ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In vivo three‐dimensional motion analysis of the forearm with radioulnar synostosis treated by the kanaya procedure

Oka

Doi

Suzuki

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…In our study we are only considering the following degrees of freedom: elbow flexion-extension, forearm pronation-supination, wrist abduction-adduction, and wrist flexion-extension, (Rocon et al, 2007). The forearm movements have been proved to be independent from each other, Youm, et., 1997. Physiologically, no fixed axis or rotation centre can be recognized in a real joint.…”

Section: Estimation Of Upper-limb Biomechanical Characteristics Basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Upper Limb Biomechanical Models in Spinal Cord Injury Patients

Gil-Agudo¹,

Ama-Espinosa²,

Reyes-Guzmán³

et al. 2011

Biomechanics in Applications

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“…They identi"ed the axis of the #exion/extension (FE) of the elbow as the center of the humeral trochlea and showed that the ulna was "xed for the PS. Youm et al (1979) used an LED-technique to quantify the forearm motion. They determined the PS-axis along the straight line between the center of the proximal caput radii and the distal center of the ulna; and the FE-axis as the center of the humeral trochlea, independent on the rotation angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rigid body model of the forearm

Reich¹,

Daunicht²

2000

Journal of Biomechanics

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In this article the forearm, with its complex, continuous motion of masses during pronation/supination, was approximated by a rigid body model consisting of a radial segment rotating around an ulnar segment. The method used to obtain the model parameters is based on three-dimensional voxel data that include velocity information. We propose a criterion that allows the voxels to be attributed to either of the two segments. It is based on the notion that the rotational kinetic energy determined from the voxel data equals the kinetic energy of the rigid body model. To obtain a three-dimensional smoothing we further propose a parameterization of the shape of both segments. These shapes can then be used to determine the dynamic integrals of the segments, i.e. mass, center of mass, and inertia. Using this approach we determined all model parameters for a human forearm from three series of MRI scans in a supinated, a pronated, and an intermediate position. In the appendix, a procedure is described that allows the dynamic quantities to be scaled homogeneously without recalculation of the integrals. Thus, this article provides all essential parameters required for three-dimensional dynamic simulations of general movements of the forearm.

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Biomechanical analyses of forearm pronation-supination and elbow flexion-extension

Cited by 130 publications

References 15 publications

In vivo three‐dimensional motion analysis of the forearm with radioulnar synostosis treated by the kanaya procedure

In vivo three‐dimensional motion analysis of the forearm with radioulnar synostosis treated by the kanaya procedure

Applications of Upper Limb Biomechanical Models in Spinal Cord Injury Patients

A rigid body model of the forearm

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