Biomatrix/Polymer Composite Material for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

Stamm, Christof; Khosravi, Amir; Grabow, Niels; Schmohl, Kathleen; Treckmann, Nadine; Drechsel, Anne; Ma, Nan; Schmitz, Klaus‐Peter; Haubold, Axel D.; Steinhoff, Gustav

doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.03.106

Cited by 92 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Decellularization of heart valves has since been attempted all over the world. In the US and Canada, this approach was attempted by Vesely and Noseworthy 70 and Wilson and colleagues 71 very early on in this field and more recently by the thorough investigation of Hilbert et al 72 In Europe, this approach has been used more widely by Dohmen et al of Berlin, Germany, 73,74 Steinhoff and colleagues of Rostok, Germany, 75 Stock and colleagues of Jena, Germany, 76 Haverich and colleagues from Hanover, Germany, 77 Weigel et al from Vienna, Austria, 78 Gittenberger-de Groot and colleagues from Leiden, The Netherlands, 79 Fisher and colleagues of Leeds, UK, 80 and Spina, Gerosa, and colleagues from Padua, Italy. 81 In Asia, the approach has been adopted by Hong and colleagues 82 and Ye et al 83 from Shanghai, China, and by Wu et al from Beijing, China.…”

Section: Acellular Matrix Xenograftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

Veselý

2005

Circulation Research

276

144

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Abstract-Tissue-engineered heart valves have been proposed by physicians and scientists alike to be the ultimate solution for treating valvular heart disease. Rather than replacing a diseased or defective native valve with a mechanical or animal tissue-derived artificial valve, a tissue-engineered valve would be a living organ, able to respond to growth and physiological forces in the same way that the native aortic valve does. Two main approaches have been attempted over the past 10 to 15 years: regeneration and repopulation. Regeneration involves the implantation of a resorbable matrix that is expected to remodel in vivo and yield a functional valve composed of the cells and connective tissue proteins of the patient. Repopulation involves implanting a whole porcine aortic valve that has been previously cleaned of all pig cells, leaving an intact, mechanically sound connective tissue matrix. The cells of the patients are expected to repopulate and revitalize the acellular matrix, creating living tissue that already has the complex microstructure necessary for proper function and durability. Regrettably, neither of the 2 approaches has fared well in animal experiments, and the only clinical experience with tissue-engineered valves resulted in a number of early failures and patient death. This article reviews the technological details of the 2 main approaches, their rationale, their strengths and weaknesses, and the likely mechanisms for their failure. Alternative approaches to valvular tissue engineering, as well as the role of industry in shaping this field in the future, are also reviewed.

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Section: Acellular Matrix Xenograftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

Veselý

2005

Circulation Research

276

144

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“…Commonly used decellularization methods are a non-ionic detergent, Triton X-100, (tert-octylphenylpolyoxyethylen) [16,21,25], an anionic detergent, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) [20], and an enzymatic agent, Trypsin [15,18,22,26,27]. To understand the mechanics of decellularized valve leaflets, Korossis et al [20] measured the leaflet strips cut along the circumferential or the radial direction and found that after treatment with SDS (hypotonic buffer), extensibility and failure strain of circumferential strips significantly increased, while in the radial strips, there was some increase but not significantly [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of decellularization on the mechanical and structural properties of the porcine aortic valve leaflet

2008

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The potential for decellularized aortic heart valves (AVs) as heart valve replacements is based on the assumption that the major cellular immunogenic components have been removed, and that the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) should retain the necessary mechanical properties and functional design. However, decellularization processes likely alter the ECM mechanical and structural properties, potentially affecting long term durability. In the present study we explored the effects of an anionic detergent (SDS), enzymatic agent (Trypsin), and a non-ionic detergent (Triton X-100) on the mechanical and structural properties of AV leaflets (AVLs) to provide greater insight into the initial functional state of the decellularized AVL. The overall extensibility represented by the areal strain under 60 N/m increased from 68.85% for the native AV to 139.95%, 137.51%, and 177.69% for SDS, Trypsin, and Triton X-100, respectively, after decellularization. In flexure, decellularized AVLs demonstrated a profound loss of stiffness overall, and also produced a nonlinear moment-curvature relation compared to the linear response of the native AVL. Effective flexural moduli decreased from 156.0±24.6 kPa for the native AV to 23.5±5.8 kPa, 15.6±4.8 kPa, and 19.4 ±8.9 kPa for SDS, Trypsin, and Triton X-100 treated leaflets, respectively. While the overall leaflet fiber architecture remained relatively unchanged, decellularization resulted in substantial microscopic disruption. In conclusion, changes in mechanical and structural properties of decellularized leaflets were likely associated with disruption of the ECM, which may impact the durability of the leaflets.

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“…Among PHAs family, mcl-PHAs are more flexible materials and are suitable to function as leaflets inside a tri-leaflet valve. Along with mcl-PHAs several blends of mcl-PHA are reported to improve the performance of PHA heart valves (Hoerstrup et al 2000;Stamm et al 2004;Stock et al 2006;Wu et al 2007). A copolymer of PGA and PHB was used to produce pulmonary valve leaflets and pulmonary artery scaffolds in sheep (Shum-Tim et al 1999).…”

Section: Pha Implants: Heart Valvesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biopolymers in Medical Implants

Bhatt

Jaffé

2015

Excipient Applications in Formulation Design and Drug Delivery

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Many researchers are exploring the potential use of biopolymers as implants in a wide range of applications ranging from replacements of bone to the regeneration of nerves. Biocompatibility, biodegradability and versatility are the properties which make these biopolymers materials of choice. Studies in biopolymer based implants (till date) indicate significant developments in terms of innovative strategies and design of implants to regenerate/repair a damaged tissue or organ. This chapter reviews the present state-of-art of biopolymers and their applications as medical implants. Several biopolymers namely poly (3-hydroxyalkanoates), collagen, gelatin, chitosan and hyaluronic acid are discussed in detail with reference to their applications in orthopaedics, ophthalmology, cardiology, otolaryngology and a few others.

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Biomatrix/Polymer Composite Material for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

Cited by 92 publications

References 18 publications

Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

Effects of decellularization on the mechanical and structural properties of the porcine aortic valve leaflet

Biopolymers in Medical Implants

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