Biomass gasification in a downdraft fixed-bed gasifier: Optimization of operating conditions

Jahromi, Reza; Rezaei, Mahdi; Samadi, Seyed Hashem; Jahromi, Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2020.116249

Cited by 64 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Conversion processes can be based on both biochemical or thermochemical routes. Generally, thermochemical processes are widely used for biomass conversion and energy recovery since they use well-developed technologies [1][2][3][4]. On the other side, biomass-derived carbohydrates represent a versatile platform for the production of a variety of final products [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arundo donax Refining to Second Generation Bioethanol and Furfural

et al. 2020

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Biomass-derived sugars are platform molecules that can be converted into a variety of final products. Non-food, lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as agroforest residues and low inputs, high yield crops, are attractive bioresources for the production of second-generation sugars. Biorefining schemes based on the use of versatile technologies that operate at mild conditions contribute to the sustainability of the bio-based products. The present work describes the conversion of giant reed (Arundo donax), a non-food crop, to ethanol and furfural (FA). A sulphuric-acid-catalyzed steam explosion was used for the biomass pretreatment and fractionation. A hybrid process was optimized for the hydrolysis and fermentation (HSSF) of C6 sugars at high gravity conditions consisting of a biomass pre-liquefaction followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with a step-wise temperature program and multiple inoculations. Hemicellulose derived xylose was dehydrated to furfural on the solid acid catalyst in biphasic media irradiated by microwave energy. The results indicate that the optimized HSSF process produced ethanol titers in the range 43–51 g/L depending on the enzymatic dosage, about 13–21 g/L higher than unoptimized conditions. An optimal liquefaction time before saccharification and fermentation tests (SSF) was 10 h by using 34 filter paper unit (FPU)/g glucan of Cellic® CTec3. C5 streams yielded 33.5% FA of the theoretical value after 10 min of microwave heating at 157 °C and a catalyst concentration of 14 meq per g of xylose.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arundo donax Refining to Second Generation Bioethanol and Furfural

et al. 2020

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“…WCO, after undergoing hydrolysis and dehydration/ketonization, was reacted with ASL in one set of experiments and with an equimolar ASL/CPL/2-MF mixture in another set of experiments. The selected cyclic oxygenates (2-MF, ASL, CPN, and CPL) can be sourced from lignocellulosic biomass, alternatively. − Hydrolysis of WCO was performed under 400 psi N 2 at 250 °C with an oil-to-water mass ratio of 3:1, typically 30 g of WCO and 10 g of DI water. Dehydration/ketonization reactions were carried out using magnetite as a catalyst under 350 psi cold N 2 pressure and feed-to-catalyst ratio of 35:1.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Novel Biolubricants from Waste Cooking Oil and Cyclic Oxygenates through an Integrated Catalytic Process

Jahromi

Adhikari

Roy

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The present research and development for lubricant production from vegetable oils rely on traditional (trans)esterification, etherification, and/or chemical modifications of triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFAs). However, the final products suffer from at least one of the following: poor low-temperature characteristics, low oxidation stability, low viscosity index, or poor solubility of additives. This study presents a novel approach to produce biolubricants (BL) from the reaction of waste cooking oil (WCO) and cyclic oxygenated hydrocarbons (COHCs) (cyclopentanone, cyclopentanol, anisole, and 2methylfuran) via a four-step pathway: hydrolysis, dehydration/ ketonization, Friedel−Crafts (FC) acylation/alkylation, and hydrotreatment. Such reactions were successfully demonstrated using model compounds (oleic acid and stearic acid) and actual WCO feedstock. The process resulted in the production of novel BLs that were consisted of molecules with several mutual properties: (1) long and linear hydrocarbon chains, (2) low to zero unsaturation, (3) minimal branching, (4) naphthenic rings and cyclic structures, and (5) polar molecules. We showed that such BLs can be synthesized with pour-point, kinematic viscosity (at 40 °C), viscosity index, and Noack volatility of −12 °C, 47.5 cP, 186, and 17 wt %, respectively.

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“…71,78,79 HTL can utilize dry and wet feedstocks 80 including aquatic, [81][82][83] agricultural and forestry, 84 production and domestic waste, [85][86][87] and eliminates the heat drying step of feedstocks which has a substantial impact on conversion efficiency. [88][89][90][91] The schematic diagram of HTL process has been depicted in Fig. 7 in which biomass breaks down into smaller components by decomposition and depolymerization (DPM) in HTL reactor under various operating conditions (temperature, pressure, and time).…”

Section: Catalytic Hydrothermolysis (Ch)mentioning

confidence: 99%