Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon-Based Nanostructures for Microwave Absorption

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS• The synthetic methods and corresponding mechanisms of porous carbon (PC)-based nanostructures from biomass resource are reviewed.• The application of biomass-derived PC in microwave absorption is discussed in terms of structure and composition optimization.ABSTRACT Currently, electromagnetic (EM) pollution poses severe complication toward the operation of electronic devices and biological systems. To this end, it is pertinent to develop novel microwave absorbers through compositional and structural design. Porous carbon (PC) materials demonstrate great potential in EM wave absorption due to their ultralow density, large surface area, and excellent dielectric loss ability. However, the large-scale production of PC materials through low-cost and simple synthetic route is a challenge. Deriving PC materials through biomass sources is a sustainable, ubiquitous, and low-cost method, which comes with many desired features, such as hierarchical texture, periodic pattern, and some unique nanoarchitecture. Using the bio-inspired microstructure to manufacture PC materials in mild condition is desirable. In this review, we summarize the EM wave absorption application of biomass-derived PC materials from optimizing structure and designing composition. The corresponding synthetic mechanisms and development prospects are discussed as well. The perspective in this field is given at the end of the article.

Lightweight and High-Performance Microwave Absorber Based on 2D WS2–RGO Heterostructures

“…Recently, carbon materials [28] including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [29][30][31][32], carbon fibers, and other carbon nanocomposites [33][34][35] have also been widely investigated for microwave absorption owing to their favorable properties such as low densities and high complex permittivity. Considering this, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is likely to be an effective complementary material [36].…”

Porous carbon materials for microwave absorption

“…Generally, ionic polarization and electronic polarization occur at relatively high frequency (10 3 -10 6 GHz), and thus interface polarization and dipolar polarization would be the dominant factors within 2-18 GHz. 13 Based on Debye relaxation theory, the relationship between e 0 and e 00 could be used to analyze the polarization relaxation processes, as shown in eqn (3): 81,82 e 0 À e s þ e 1 2 2…”

“…), carbon-based materials exhibit lower densities and stronger EM wave absorption abilities. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] For example, there have been lots of studies on graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) applied in MA fields due to their strong electrical conductivities, low percolation thresholds, and organized nanostructures. 6,11,14, However, the costeffective and large-scale production of graphene and CNTs remains a crucial challenge for commercial application, which seriously hinders their applications.…”

Chestnut-Derived Activated Carbon as a Prospective Material for Energy Storage

“…In recent years, biomass-derived carbon materials have been widely studied due to their structural diversity and attractive properties, which may be tailored by various preparation procedures and activation methods [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Porous carbonaceous materials including activated carbons (AC) due to their chemical stability, superior electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, large pore volume and specific pore structure are used in many application: photochemical degradation [ 7 , 8 ], catalyst carrier, adsorption [ 9 , 10 ], carrier of a phase change materials (PCMs) for application in building materials [ 11 ], fuel cells [ 12 ], energy conversion and storage [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”