Biomass‐based Self‐single‐oxygen Heteroatom‐doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets for High‐performance Symmetrical Supercapacitors

Abstract

Biomass‐based porous carbon holds potential for improving the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors due to its high surface area, 2D nanostructure, 3D hierarchical pores, and self‐multi‐doped‐heteroatoms. Here, 2D and 3D porous carbon nanostructures, as well as self‐single‐doped oxygen were successfully obtained from Moringa oleifera leaves waste by a facile, time‐saving, and cost‐effective strategy. The dried powder precursor was chemically provided with 0.5 m/L H3PO4 and ZnCl2 solutions at high‐temperature pyrolysis. Furthermore, electrode material was designed with sleekly slim binder‐free solid coins. The obtained porous carbon has a 2D nanosheet‐nanofiber and rich‐3D hierarchical porous structure with significantly high sub‐ultra micropores. Meanwhile, 17.62 % self‐doped oxygen was found to provide an extra pseudocapacitance effect. The optimum carbon possessed high electrochemical properties at a specific capacitance of 201 F g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Furthermore, the maximum energy density was obtained at 25 Wh kg−1, at optimum power of 122 W kg−1 in current density of 1.0 A g−1. The electrochemical behavior of these samples was also reviewed through a 1 M Na2SO4 neutral aqueous electrolyte. Therefore, the great potential of Moringa oleifera leaves was observed as a porous carbon source with good material properties for enhancing the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices.

High well‐matched energy gravimetric–volumetric symmetric super‐capacitor derived from hollow paper stack‐like biomass‐based functional carbon

“…The O element attached to the C chain is closely related to the increase in the material's wettability, causing a self-doping effect in the electrode material. 57,58 A similar analysis was revealed in previous studies, meaning that the precursor obtained may have pseudo-capacitance properties. In-depth confirmations were reviewed through CV and GCD analysis.…”

Suitable Micro/Mesoporous Carbon Derived from Galangal Leaves (Alpinia galanga L.) Biomass for Enhancing Symmetric Electrochemical Double‐layer Capacitor Performances

“…The KOH treatment produced the second‐highest oxygen element through the increase in surface functional groups. Oxygen plays an important role in the improvement of the charge‐discharge process after treatment in the electron/donor characteristics and the increased wettability of the carbon surface [18,43] . Aside from the high concentrations of carbon and oxygen, GLACs also showed the presence of inorganic elements associated with the ash/tar fraction such as Ca, Si, Mg, and K, where calcium was the most abundant metal and was present in the form of calcium carbonate, while silica was found in small amounts in the form of silicon oxide [3] .…”

“…Similar results were also reported by Chen et al (2020) which obtained hierarchical porous activated carbon from rice husks. [17] Several biomass wastes also showed promising material and electrochemical properties of activated carbon such as banana leaves, [18] cauliflower, [19] bamboo, [20] wood [21] and carrot waste. [22] However, relatively few porous carbons with a high specific surface area of > 3000 m 2 g À 1 were recovered from biomass precursor materials due to their limited potential and stratified synthesis routes.…”

“…(2020) which obtained hierarchical porous activated carbon from rice husks [17] . Several biomass wastes also showed promising material and electrochemical properties of activated carbon such as banana leaves, [18] cauliflower, [19] bamboo, [20] wood [21] and carrot waste [22] …”

Identified potential of mangosteen peel agricultural waste as electrodes component of a supercapacitor: a study of electrochemical behaviour

“…Presently, the synthesis of activated carbon derived from biomass waste has garnered considerable attention, primarily due to its capacity to provide substantial surface area and hierarchical pore structures conducive to facile ion migration [12]. Moreover, the synthesis of heteroatom self-doped carbon materials from biomass waste is gaining prominence, owing to the inherent availability of carbon and oxygen sources [13][14][15]. The conversion of biomass waste into superior sustainable carbon materials, with the aim of advancing supercapacitor energy storage devices, has evolved into a topic of significant interest over the past decade.…”