Biomarkers to predict cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV

McGettrick, Padraig; Mallon, Patrick

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000802

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…PLWH have increased risks of CVDs, including myocardial infarction, HF, sudden cardiac death, peripheral artery disease, and CeVD[ 11 , 12 ]. The mechanism of this increased risk has been explained by a combination of factors in HIV tropism in cardiac myocytes and effects related to the immunologic response triggered by HIV[ 13 , 14 ]. In addition, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and HTN are more prevalent in PLWH[ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National trend of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus

Park¹,

An²,

Romero³

et al. 2022

WJC

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BACKGROUND As people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) enjoy longer life expectancy with highly effective antiretroviral therapy, they are encountering challenging cardiovascular health risks. AIM To retrospectively examine the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases in PLWH over the past decade. METHODS All hospitalizations for heart failure (HF), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) in PLWH were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and ICD-10-CM codes in the National Inpatient Sample from 2008 to 2018. Outcomes included number of hospitalizations, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and total hospital charge. Trend of the outcomes from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed using Cochran-Armitage trend test and simple linear regression. RESULTS The number of hospitalizations for HF in PLWH increased from 4212 in 2008 to 6700 in 2018 ( P trend < 0.01). Similar increasing trend was seen with those for IHD and CeVD over the decade ( P trend < 0.01). A decreasing trend of in-hospital mortality was observed in all hospitalizations of PLWH ( P trend < 0.01) and CeVD in PLWH ( P trend < 0.01), but not in those for HF ( P trend = 0.67) and IHD ( P trend = 0.13). The trend of length of stay was decreasing in all hospitalizations of PLWH ( P trend < 0.01), but increasing in those for HF in PLWH ( P trend < 0.01). An increasing trend of total hospital charge was observed in hospitalizations for HF, IHD, and CeVD ( P trend < 0.01). CONCLUSION The burden of cardiovascular diseases has significantly increased in hospitalizations of PLWH from 2008 to 2018. Continued efforts are needed to address the additional cardiovascular risks in this vulnerable population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National trend of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus

Park¹,

An²,

Romero³

et al. 2022

WJC

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“…In fact, HSV infection is significantly opportunistic, causing trouble especially in immunocompromised patients. As a result, in areas of the globe with a high prevalence of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) [ 106 , 107 ] (caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) [ 108 , 109 , 110 ]), such as sub-Saharan Africa, HSV infections have sharply increased, and herpes is often a severe illness. Different anti-HSV medications are on the market, but mutant viruses often emerge that are resistant to them and, in particular, to the first-choice drug for the type 1 of the virus (HSV-1), i.e., the nucleoside analogue [ 111 , 112 , 113 ] acyclovir ( Figure 2 a).…”

Section: Functional Food Effects On Covid-19 Influenza Virus and Hsv ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Protective Effect of Food Drugs against Viral Diseases: Interaction of Functional Food Ingredients and SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus, and HSV

Ricci¹,

Roviello²

2023

Life

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A complex network of processes inside the human immune system provides resistance against a wide range of pathologies. These defenses form an innate and adaptive immunity, in which certain immune components work together to counteract infections. In addition to inherited variables, the susceptibility to diseases may be influenced by factors such as lifestyle choices and aging, as well as environmental determinants. It has been shown that certain dietary chemical components regulate signal transduction and cell morphologies which, in turn, have consequences on pathophysiology. The consumption of some functional foods may increase immune cell activity, defending us against a number of diseases, including those caused by viruses. Here, we investigate a range of functional foods, often marketed as immune system boosters, in an attempt to find indications of their potential protective role against diseases caused by viruses, such as the influenza viruses (A and B), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in some cases mediated by gut microbiota. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms that govern the protective effects of some functional foods and their molecular constituents. The main message of this review is that discovering foods that are able to strengthen the immune system can be a winning weapon against viral diseases. In addition, understanding how the dietary components function can aid in the development of novel strategies for maintaining human bodily health and keeping our immune systems strong.

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“…Although persistent associations with inflammatory markers and CVD have been demonstrated, few biomarkers have emerged as being clinically useful. [4][5][6]. Cell-based assays in the realm of HIV and CVD risk assessment are almost nonexistent although the presence of endothelial cell dysfunction in HIV has been well established [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment of HIV medication regimens using hematopoietic CD34+ progenitor cells

et al. 2022

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Background To determine the effects of integrase inhibitor (INSTI) in comparison with non-INSTI-based regimens such as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)-based regimens on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in HIV+ patients without overt history of CVD or diabetes, with normal CD4:CD8 count. For CVD risk assessment we primarily used hematopoietic CD34+ progenitor cells, as a biomarker. Methods Nineteen male subjects, ages 32–61 years with BMI 21.0–36.0, were enrolled. This was a single time point, cross-sectional, observational study. Subjects were enrolled under 2 groups (either on INSTI-based regimen with 13 subjects or NNRTI (non-INSTI)-based regimens with 6 subjects) who were taking stable doses of HAART. The medication regimens were a combination of one NRTI (typically tenofovir–emtricitabine) plus one INSTI or NNRTI. Our outcome measures were focused on cardiovascular and endothelial cell function and systemic inflammation. Our primary outcome measures were peripheral blood-derived hematopoietic progenitor cell number (CD34 and CD133 positive), CD34+ cell function and gene expression studies. Our secondary outcomes were arterial stiffness measures and serum-based markers of inflammation. Results A significant increase in percentage number of progenitor cells, CD133+ cells (p = 0.004), was noted along with an increase of double progenitor mark positive CD133+/CD34+ progenitor cell population being observed in INSTI group as compared to NNRTI group, by flow cytometry. mRNA gene expression for antioxidant gene catalase was noted along with a trend toward a decrease in gene expression of inflammatory marker IL6 (p = 0.06) being observed in CD34+ from INSTI group vs NNRTI group. The plasma IL-6 and CRP levels did not change significantly between the groups. Neutrophil–Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an important marker of inflammation, was noted to be lower in INSTI group. A mean fasting glucose level was also lower in the INSTI group compared to NNRTI group (p = 0.03). Interestingly, urine microalbumin levels were higher in the INSTI group compared to NNRTI group (p = 0.08), while eGFR levels were significantly lower in the INSTI group (p = 0.002). The arterial stiffness measures did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion We conclude that the INSTI regimen may provide a better CVD risk profile compared to NNRTI-based HAART regimen; however, the increased albuminuria along with lower eGFR, noted in INSTI group, is of concern. Because of the small size, these results would need replication in additional studies before changing clinical practice. Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03782142?cond=Hiv&spons=Sabyasachi+sen&cntry=US&state=US%3ADC&city=Washington&draw=2&rank=1. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03782142.

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Biomarkers to predict cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

National trend of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus

National trend of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus

Exploring the Protective Effect of Food Drugs against Viral Diseases: Interaction of Functional Food Ingredients and SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus, and HSV

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment of HIV medication regimens using hematopoietic CD34+ progenitor cells

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