Biomarkers of systemic lupus erythematosus identified using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics: a systematic review

Abstract

Advances in mass spectrometry technologies have created new opportunities for discovering novel protein biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We performed a systematic review of published reports on proteomic biomarkers identified in SLE patients using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics and highlight their potential disease association and clinical utility. Two electronic databases, MEDLINE and EMBASE, were systematically searched up to July 2015. The methodological quality of studies included in the review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines. Twenty‐five studies were included in the review, identifying 241 SLE candidate proteomic biomarkers related to various aspects of the disease including disease diagnosis and activity or pinpointing specific organ involvement. Furthermore, 13 of the 25 studies validated their results for a selected number of biomarkers in an independent cohort, resulting in the validation of 28 candidate biomarkers. It is noteworthy that 11 candidate biomarkers were identified in more than one study. A significant number of potential proteomic biomarkers that are related to a number of aspects of SLE have been identified using mass spectrometry proteomic approaches. However, further studies are required to assess the utility of these biomarkers in routine clinical practice.

Diagnostic and prognostic tests in systemic lupus erythematosus

“…Interestingly, a previous study had shown low serum levels of clusterin in SLE patients, especially in those with proteinuria [81], suggesting it may be a more specific biomarker for LN. Furthermore, one of the highly specific peptides that distinguished LN from other types of CKD was a fragment of S100-A9, a finding consistent with the systematic review discussed above which identified S100-A9 as a promising SLE biomarker [65]. …”

“…The complexity of these processes, as well as the highly dynamic changes that characterize them, have forced the development of highly advanced techniques for the study of more complete proteomes, as is the case of mass spectrometry (MS), and has shifted away from the use of electrophoresis to study individual proteins. The former technology allows for the identification and quantification of thousands of proteins in complex biological samples in a single run [65]. …”

“…Hundreds of proteins have been identified as potential biomarkers with this approach [65, 68]; unfortunately, however, many were not confirmed in subsequent studies and/or have yet to be validated clinically. A recent systematic review of published proteomic-based studies in SLE sought to identify those biomarkers with potential disease associations and clinical utility [65]. Based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 25 of 775 articles were selected for review.…”

Identification of significant protein markers by mass spectrometry after co‐treatment of cells with different drugs: An in vitro survey platform

“…As such, developing useful strategies to predict and reduce drug–drug interactions is necessary to avoid drug‐induced side effects. Mass spectrometry utilized in biomarker discovery has become a powerful tool in the clinical area in recent years . Hence, developing a survey platform based on mass spectrometry is a good choice to identify the markers associated with drug–drug interactions.…”

“…Mass spectrometry utilized in biomarker discovery has become a powerful tool in the clinical area in recent years. [15][16][17][18][19] Hence, developing a survey platform based on mass spectrometry is a good choice to identify the markers associated with drug-drug interactions.…”