Identification of significant protein markers by mass spectrometry after co‐treatment of cells with different drugs: An in vitro survey platform

Abstract

Rationale Understanding drug–drug interactions and predicting the side effects induced by polypharmacy are difficult because there are few suitable platforms that can predict drug–drug interactions and possible side effects. Hence, developing a platform to identify significant protein markers of drug–drug interactions and their associated side effects is necessary to avoid adverse effects. Methods Human liver cells were treated with ethosuximide in combination with cimetidine, ketotifen, metformin, metronidazole, or phenytoin. After sample preparation and extraction, mitochondrial proteins from liver cells were isolated and digested with trypsin. Then, peptide solutions were detected using a nano ultra‐performance liquid chromatographic system combined with tandem mass spectrometry. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool was used to simulate drug–drug interactions and identify protein markers associated with drug‐induced adverse effects. Results Several protein markers were identified by the proposed method after liver cells were co‐treated with ethosuximide and other drugs. Several of these protein markers have previously been reported in the literature, indicating that the proposed platform is workable. Conclusions Using the proposed in vitro platform, significant protein markers of drug–drug interactions could be identified by mass spectrometry. This workflow can then help predict indicators of drug–drug interactions and associated adverse effects for increased safety in clinical prescriptions.

Hsa_circ_0001485 promoted osteogenic differentiation by targeting BMPR2 to activate the TGFβ-BMP pathway

“…After centrifugation (13,000 rpm at 4 °C for 20 min), the supernatant was collected and identified through MS. The MS analysis was conducted using a nano-ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (nanoUPLC) system (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) and Synapt High Definition Mass Spectrometry (Waters, Milford, MA, USA), which was similar to the previous study [ 30 ].…”