Biomarkers of Human Gut Microbiota Diversity and Dysbiosis

Rüb, Alina M; Tsakmaklis, Anastasia; Gräfe, Stefanie; Simon, Marie‐Christine; Vehreschild, Maria J.G.T.; Wuethrich, Irene

doi:10.2217/bmm-2020-0353

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…However, it is well known that the very changeable composition of the gut microbiota might potentially hinder the robustness and reproducibility of microbiota—disease associative studies [ 20 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. In addition, circulating TMAO concentrations have recently been included among the reliable biomarkers for gut dysbiosis [ 17 ]. A further limitation was that we did not include other metabolites involved in the same pathway of TMAO, such as carnitine, betaine, or choline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through mediating inflammatory processes, TMAO would have a potential association with most chronic non-communicable diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and Alzheimer’s disease [ 15 ]. In the case of gut dysbiosis, an increase in the microorganisms that produce TMAO has been observed, thus suggesting TMAO as one of the biomarkers for metabolite profiling and diagnostic suitability for dysbiosis [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of the Chronotype Score with Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Concentrations

Barrea

Muscogiuri²,

Pugliese³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Individual differences in the chronotype, an attitude that best expresses the individual circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythms, have been associated with cardiometabolic risk and gut dysbiosis. Up to now, there are no studies evaluating the association between chronotypes and circulating TMAO concentrations, a predictor of cardiometabolic risk and a useful marker of gut dysbiosis. In this study population (147 females and 100 males), subjects with the morning chronotype had the lowest BMI and waist circumference (p < 0.001), and a better metabolic profile compared to the other chronotypes. In addition, the morning chronotype had the highest adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001) and the lowest circulating TMAO concentrations (p < 0.001). After adjusting for BMI and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the correlation between circulating TMAO concentrations and chronotype score was still kept (r = −0.627, p < 0.001). Using a linear regression analysis, higher chronotype scores were mostly associated with lower circulating TMAO concentrations (β = −0.479, t = −12.08, and p < 0.001). Using a restricted cubic spline analysis, we found that a chronotype score ≥59 (p < 0.001, R2 = −0.824) demonstrated a more significant inverse linear relationship with circulating TMAO concentrations compared with knots <59 (neither chronotype) and <41 (evening chronotype). The current study reported the first evidence that higher circulating TMAO concentrations were associated with the evening chronotype that, in turn, is usually linked to an unhealthy lifestyle mostly characterized by low adherence to the MD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the Chronotype Score with Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Concentrations

Barrea

Muscogiuri²,

Pugliese³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…Recently, it was reported that gut microbiota is associated with various tumors and neurological disorders affecting immune and neurological functions [ 32 , 33 ]. Moreover, the gut microbiota could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases [ 34 , 35 ]. In addition, the function of the gut microbiota in the glioma-bearing mice model has been determined, and the intestinal flora may vary considerably between patients with benign and malignant tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gut microbiota in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors: a pilot study

et al. 2022

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Gut microbiota is associated with the growth of various tumors, including malignant gliomas, through the brain-gut axis. Moreover, the gut microbiota in patients with malignant tumors may considerably differ from those with benign tumors. However, the associations of gut microbiota with benign and malignant brain tumors remain unclear. Hence, in order to explore these underlying relationships, patients with benign meningioma (n = 32), malignant glioma (n = 27), and healthy individuals (n = 41) were selected to participate in this study. The results showed that the diversity of the microbial ecosystem in brain tumor patients were less than the healthy controls, while no significant differences were observed between the meningioma and glioma groups. The microbial composition also differed significantly between individuals with brain tumors and healthy participants. In meningioma group, pathogenic bacteria like Enterobacteriaceae were increased , whereas certain carcinogenic bacteria were overrepresented in the glioma group, including Fusobacterium and Akkermansia . Furthermore, benign and malignant brain tumor patients lacked SCFA-producing probiotics. Thus , a microbial biomarker panel including Fusobacterium, Akkermansia, Escherichia/Shigella, Lachnospira, Agathobacter , and Bifidobacterium was established. Diagnostic models confirmed that this panel could distinguish between brain tumor patients and healthy patients. Additionally, gut microbiota can affect the differentiation and proliferation of brain tumors via several metabolic pathways based on annotations from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). This is the first study designed to investigate whether gut microbiota differs between benign and malignant brain tumor patients, and our work concluded that intestinal flora is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors.

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“…Recent reviews indicated that microbiome signatures can be exploited as disease diagnostic biomarkers [ 71 , 72 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]. Herein, we review the available evidence supporting the use of the human microbiome- and microbiota-derived metabolites for the purposes of disease diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the Potential of the Human Microbiome for Identifying Disease Diagnostic Biomarkers

2022

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The human microbiome encodes more than three million genes, outnumbering human genes by more than 100 times, while microbial cells in the human microbiota outnumber human cells by 10 times. Thus, the human microbiota and related microbiome constitute a vast source for identifying disease biomarkers and therapeutic drug targets. Herein, we review the evidence backing the exploitation of the human microbiome for identifying diagnostic biomarkers for human disease. We describe the importance of the human microbiome in health and disease and detail the use of the human microbiome and microbiota metabolites as potential diagnostic biomarkers for multiple diseases, including cancer, as well as inflammatory, neurological, and metabolic diseases. Thus, the human microbiota has enormous potential to pave the road for a new era in biomarker research for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The scientific community needs to collaborate to overcome current challenges in microbiome research concerning the lack of standardization of research methods and the lack of understanding of causal relationships between microbiota and human disease.

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Biomarkers of Human Gut Microbiota Diversity and Dysbiosis

Cited by 8 publications

References 107 publications

Association of the Chronotype Score with Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Concentrations

Association of the Chronotype Score with Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Concentrations

The role of gut microbiota in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors: a pilot study

Unlocking the Potential of the Human Microbiome for Identifying Disease Diagnostic Biomarkers

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