Unlocking the Potential of the Human Microbiome for Identifying Disease Diagnostic Biomarkers

Hajjo, Rima; Sabbah, Dima A.; Bawab, Abdel Qader Al

doi:10.3390/diagnostics12071742

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 308 publications

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“…The microbiome encodes millions of cryptic small molecules that have evolved to recognize specific cellular targets and mediate health or disease [ 40 , 41 ]. Mining these microbiome-derived molecules will lead to the discovery of unique therapeutics and diagnostic biomarkers [ 42 , 43 ]. Here, we report the discovery of lactomodulin, a new microbiome-derived molecule with dual activity as a potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent that exhibits minimal cytotoxicity in contrast to conventional antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Lactomodulin, a Unique Microbiome-Derived Peptide That Exhibits Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Mousa

Ghemrawi

Abu-Izneid

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The human body is a superorganism that harbors trillions of microbes, most of which inhabit the gut. To colonize our bodies, these microbes have evolved strategies to regulate the immune system and maintain intestinal immune homeostasis by secreting chemical mediators. There is much interest in deciphering these chemicals and furthering their development as novel therapeutics. In this work, we present a combined experimental and computational approach to identifying functional immunomodulatory molecules from the gut microbiome. Based on this approach, we report the discovery of lactomodulin, a unique peptide from Lactobacillus rhamnosus that exhibits dual anti-inflammatory and antibiotic activities and minimal cytotoxicity in human cell lines. Lactomodulin reduces several secreted proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. As an antibiotic, lactomodulin is effective against a range of human pathogens, and is most potent against antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). The multifunctional activity of lactomodulin affirms that the microbiome encodes evolved functional molecules with promising therapeutic potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Lactomodulin, a Unique Microbiome-Derived Peptide That Exhibits Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Mousa

Ghemrawi

Abu-Izneid

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Investigating the gut microbiota in relation to disease is essential for gaining insights into disease mechanisms [ 186 ], identifying biomarkers [ 187 ], developing targeted therapies [ 188 ], and advancing precision medicine [ 189 ]. However, on the other hand, the considerable proportion of studies focusing on the broader aspects of gut microbiota composition, functions, or associations rather than specific diseases reflects the growing interest in understanding the complexities of this microbial community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review Evaluating the Current State of Gut Microbiota Research in Africa

Pheeha,

Tamuzi,

Chale-Matsau

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The gut microbiota has emerged as a key human health and disease determinant. However, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding the composition, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota, specifically in the African population. This scoping review aims to examine the existing literature on gut microbiota research conducted in Africa, providing an overview of the current knowledge and identifying research gaps. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies. Databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), African Index Medicus (AIM), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Science Citation index (Web of Science), Embase (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles. Studies investigating the gut microbiota in African populations of all age groups were included. The initial screening included a total of 2136 articles, of which 154 were included in this scoping review. The current scoping review revealed a limited number of studies investigating diseases of public health significance in relation to the gut microbiota. Among these studies, HIV (14.3%), colorectal cancer (5.2%), and diabetes mellitus (3.9%) received the most attention. The top five countries that contributed to gut microbiota research were South Africa (16.2%), Malawi (10.4%), Egypt (9.7%), Kenya (7.1%), and Nigeria (6.5%). The high number (n = 66) of studies that did not study any specific disease in relation to the gut microbiota remains a gap that needs to be filled. This scoping review brings attention to the prevalent utilization of observational study types (38.3%) in the studies analysed and emphasizes the importance of conducting more experimental studies. Furthermore, the findings reflect the need for more disease-focused, comprehensive, and population-specific gut microbiota studies across diverse African regions and ethnic groups to better understand the factors shaping gut microbiota composition and its implications for health and disease. Such knowledge has the potential to inform targeted interventions and personalized approaches for improving health outcomes in African populations.

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“…Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species have also been shown to be the main bacteria associated with prostate inflammation. In recent years, many studies have investigated the role of the microbiome as a biomarker of disease [ 17 ]. The potential relevance of the urinary tract microbiome on prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment has also attracted attention, and many studies have investigated this relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Prostate Cancer and Urinary Tract Infections: A New Perspective of Prostate Cancer Pathogenesis

et al. 2023

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Background and objectives: Microbiota of the urinary tract may be associated with urinary tract malignancy, including prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and subjects without prostate cancer from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2016. A total of 5510 subjects were recruited and followed until the diagnosis of a primary outcome (urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, cystitis, and prostatitis). Results: We found that the patients with prostate cancer had a significantly higher risk of urinary tract infections than those without prostate cancer. The adjusted hazard ratios for pyelonephritis, prostatitis, and cystitis were 2.30 (95% CI = 1.36–3.88), 2.04 (95% CI = 1.03–4.05), and 4.02 (95 % CI = 2.11–7.66), respectively. We clearly identified the sites of infection and associated comorbidities in the prostate cancer patients with urinary tract infections. In addition, we found that the patients receiving radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy had a lower risk of urinary tract infections than the patients in corresponding control groups. Conclusions: Our study suggests that an abnormal urine microbiome could potentially contribute to the development of prostate cancer through inflammation and immune dysregulation. Furthermore, an imbalanced microbiome may facilitate bacterial overgrowth in urine, leading to urinary tract infections. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Further research is needed to better understand the role of the urine microbiome in prostate cancer pathogenesis and to identify potential microbiome-targeted therapies for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.

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Unlocking the Potential of the Human Microbiome for Identifying Disease Diagnostic Biomarkers

Cited by 30 publications

References 308 publications

Discovery of Lactomodulin, a Unique Microbiome-Derived Peptide That Exhibits Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Discovery of Lactomodulin, a Unique Microbiome-Derived Peptide That Exhibits Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

A Scoping Review Evaluating the Current State of Gut Microbiota Research in Africa

The Association of Prostate Cancer and Urinary Tract Infections: A New Perspective of Prostate Cancer Pathogenesis

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