Biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction in traumatic brain injury

Abstract

Acetylcholine, glutamate, dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), gamma-aminobutyric acid, substance P (SP), amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurotrophic protein S100B are arguably the most important cognition-related biomarkers in the brain. Among this list are five neurotransmitters that signal through postsynaptic receptors. Our knowledge of cognition-related biomarkers has been advanced through translational experiments and clinical case-study data. Although these biomarkers are widespread in the brain and pronounced individual variations exist, these biomarkers can be used to identify both acute and chronic abnormalities following traumatic brain injury. Changes in these biomarkers likely indicate damage to brain networks or to key brain cell types that support cognitive functions. Identification of such biomarker abnormalities could result in earlier diagnoses, improved prognoses and therapies that enable neurotransmitters to return to normal levels.

Detoxification Improves Multidomain Cognitive Dysfunction in High-Dose Benzodiazepine Abusers

“…α 1 is responsible for sedation, anterograde amnesia, anticonvulsant effects and BZD dependence, α 2 and α 3 are associated with anxiolytic and myorelaxant actions, and α 5 is related to cognition, learning and memory ( Tan et al, 2011 ; Möhler, 2015 ). The GABA-A receptor channel complex has been suggested to contribute to the cognitive dysfunction in traumatic brain injury ( Sun and Feng, 2014 ).…”

Evaluating the neurotherapeutic potential of a water-soluble progesterone analog after traumatic brain injury in rats

“…In TBI patients, sensorimotor and cognitive deficits are well recognized (Writer and Schillerstrom, 2009;Sun and Feng, 2014). The sensory neglect test is used in rats to evaluate the sensorymotor deficits caused by brain injury (Bouet et al, 2009) and it can be used to assess long-lasting impairments and recovery in animal models of TBI (Teasdale et al, 1998).…”

Stężenie białka S100B w surowicy krwi dawców narządów po stwierdzonej śmierci mózgu — doniesienie wstępne

“…Additionally, serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) S100B protein concentration predicts both hard endpoints (death) and cognitive function impairment [5,8]. Because therapeutic hypothermia does not influence S100B protein concentration [9,10], its assessment after brain damage occurrence seems to be a direct indicator of the destruction of neuron cells.…”