Biomarkers of Cardiac Ischemia

Gaze, David

doi:10.5772/55250

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…If the oxidized albumins were occupied by irreversibly attached oxidation end-products that impair the ligand binding capacity, we would expect to find elevated levels of IMA in such chronic diseases. Anyway, as mentioned above, chronic diseases are associated with increased IMA levels [40, 41]. Thus, the impaired functioning of oxidized albumin also supports the “occupation” concept.…”

Section: Evidence In Support Of “Fa Occupation Of Albumin”mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Indeed, both IMA and level of free FAs increase within minutes from the onset of ischemia (including balloon-induced myocardial ischemia during percutaneous coronary intervention) [31, 53], remain elevated for 6–12 hours, and then return to normal within 24 hours [27, 40]. This relationship also supports the concept of “FA occupation.”…”

Section: Evidence In Support Of “Fa Occupation Of Albumin”mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Noncardiac sources of increased IMA are associated with ischemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, mesenteric ischemia, skeletal muscle ischemia, peripheral atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hepatosteatosis, preeclampsia, foetal distress, diabetes mellitus, advanced renal disease, and liver cirrhosis [40, 41]. …”

Section: Evidence In Support Of “Fa Occupation Of Albumin”mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ischemia-Modified Albumin as a Marker of Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Case for Revising the Concept of “N-Terminal Modification” to “Fatty Acid Occupation” of Albumin

Oran

2017

Disease Markers

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Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is assumed “N-terminal modified” albumin which is generated immediately following myocardial ischemia. The diagnosis of IMA is based on reduced cobalt binding affinity to albumin which is attributed mainly to incapability of cobalt to bind at albumin's modified N-terminus. Although the albumin cobalt binding test was accepted as a potentially powerful marker for discriminating acute coronary syndrome from nonischemic chest pain, its usefulness has been brought into question in recent years. Patients with acutely ischemic myocardium exhibit a rapid increase in serum levels of fatty acids (FAs). Almost all released FAs are strongly bound to albumin which create conformational changes in the protein with resultant reduced cobalt binding affinity. There is a clear metabolic and temporal relationship between IMA measured via albumin cobalt binding testing and serum levels of FAs. In line with what has been suggested recently in the literature, we conclude that a shift from the concept of “N-terminal modified” to “FA-occupied” albumin is required, as this better describes IMA in patients with acute coronary syndrome. We also offer “oxidation modified albumin, OMA,” which is conceptually different from the “FA-occupied” IMA, to describe modification of albumin in chronic disease associated with increased oxidative stress.

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Section: Evidence In Support Of “Fa Occupation Of Albumin”mentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Evidence In Support Of “Fa Occupation Of Albumin”mentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Evidence In Support Of “Fa Occupation Of Albumin”mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ischemia-Modified Albumin as a Marker of Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Case for Revising the Concept of “N-Terminal Modification” to “Fatty Acid Occupation” of Albumin

Oran

2017

Disease Markers

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“…Changes in cholesterol and lipid metabolism, the inflammation and oxidative processes characteristic at the vascular wall level, endothelium cellular disruption and intra-lumenal platelet activation and aggregation are the most common pathophysiological processes characteristics for CVD diseases. Some of these processes like atherosclerotic lesions or endothelial dysfunction can be observed in the earlier stages of disease development and therefore are targeted in disease prevention ( 46 ). According to literature data, several candidates biomarkers were linked to pathophysiological changes in CAD.…”

Section: Polyphenols Significance In Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory processes were linked with C-reactive protein (CRP), Pentraxin 3, Growth differentiation factor-15, Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity (sST2), Myeloperoxidase, Osteoprotegerin, Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, Interleukin-6 and others ( 47 ). On the other hand, the acute coronary syndrome was strongly linked to malondialdehyde low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) as a sensitive biomarker of plaque destabilization ( 46 ) and with myeloperoxidase (MPO) that, in high concentrations, also contribute to plaque destabilization. Choline and Whole blood choline (WBCHO) were also found in high concentrations after activation of ischemia ( 46 ), alongside the increased circulating levels of free fatty acids and ischemia modified Albumin ( 46 ).…”

Section: Polyphenols Significance In Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Actions of Polyphenols From Grapevine and Wine By-Products-Base for Complementary Therapy in Ischemic Heart Diseases

Chedea¹,

Tomoiagä²,

Macovei

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Grape pomace and grape seeds, by-products of the wine industry, and grapevine cane resulting from grapevine pruning are cheap matrices containing important amounts of polyphenols. While there is a continuous need of introducing new ways of these by-products valorization, we propose their use as a source of bioactive polyphenols for complementary therapy in ischemic heart diseases. As oxidative stress plays an important role in these diseases, by their antioxidant/pro-oxidant properties, these compounds, mainly flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, and resveratrol may counteract the damage of the oxidative stress. For instance, to some extent, the grape seed extract, considered as an antioxidant nutritive supplement, may have pro-oxidant activity as well, depending on dose, duration of administration, and other dietary components. In vitro studies confirm that the antioxidant activity of this extract might be mediated by pro-oxidant o-quinones and oxidation products of the polyphenols from grape and winery byproducts, indicating that quinones, as oxidation products, are involved in the modulation of the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance at the cellular level in the case of catechin-type compounds, in the absence or presence of oxidative stress inducers. In vivo, studies indicate that a grape pomace-rich diet results in a significant increase of the total antioxidant status in the plasma, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Also, the administration of grape pomace shows antioxidant activity with positive effects on health. In this context, the present review aims to present the most recent research focused on the antioxidant/pro-oxidant actions of the bioactive polyphenols from grapevine and wine byproducts, in conditions of ischemic heart diseases as assessed in vitro or in vivo.

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Impact of Vitamin D3 on Carbonyl-Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinases after Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Lievykh¹,

Zhyliuk²,

Ушакова

et al. 2023

EMIDDT

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is associated with the development of carbonyl-oxidative stress (COS) and an increased risk of a cerebral hemorrhage. Vitamin D3 is considered an additional drug to have an impact on COS and proteolysis in the extracellular matrix. background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with the development of carbonyl-oxidative stress (COS) and an increased risk of a cerebral hemorrhage. Vitamin D3 is considered as an additional drug to have an impact on COS and proteolysis in the extracellular matrix. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of D3 on the COS-markers and matrix metalloproteinases MMP2/MMP9 activity after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus (Т2DM) compared to metformin (Met). objective: To evaluate the impact of D3 on the COS-markers and matrix metalloproteinases MMP2/MMP9 activity after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus (Т2DM) compared to metformin (Met). Methods: T2DM was induced in rats via the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA), ICH – by microinjection of bacterial collagenase into the striatum. Rats were randomized into five groups: 1 – intact animals (n=8), 2 – T2DM (n=9); 3 – T2DM+ICH (n=7); 4 – T2DM+ICH+Met (n=7); 5 – T2DM+ICH+D3 (n=7). Blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were assessed using commercial kits. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PC370/430), and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) were measured by spectrophotometry, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by quantitative fluorescence, and matrix metalloproteinases MMP2/9 by gelatin zymography. method: T2DM was induced in rats via the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA), ICH – by microinjection of bacterial collagenase into the striatum. Rats were randomized into five groups: 1 – intact animals (n=8), 2 – T2DM (n=9); 3 – T2DM+ICH (n=7); 4 – T2DM+ICH+Met (n=7); 5 – T2DM+ICH+D3 (n=7). Blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were assessed using commercial kits. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PC370/430), and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) were measured by spectrophotometry, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) – by quantitative fluorescence, matrix metalloproteinases MMP2/9 – by gelatin zymography. Results: D3 does not significantly affect the glucose level and OGTT in rats with T2DM+ICH. However, it reduces AOPP, PC, and AGEs, thus reducing the COS index. In contrast, the activity of proMMP9 increases after D3 administration. These effects of D3 have been reported to be stronger and sometimes opposite to those of metformin. Conclusion: D3 supplementation may decrease the negative consequences of a cerebral hemorrhage in T2DM by reducing COS and preventing the accumulation of COS-modified proteins in the brain by regulating the expression and activity of MMP9. other: All authors declared that there is no financial/commercial conflict of interest related to this paper.

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Biomarkers of Cardiac Ischemia

Cited by 3 publications

References 115 publications

Ischemia-Modified Albumin as a Marker of Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Case for Revising the Concept of “N-Terminal Modification” to “Fatty Acid Occupation” of Albumin

Ischemia-Modified Albumin as a Marker of Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Case for Revising the Concept of “N-Terminal Modification” to “Fatty Acid Occupation” of Albumin

Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Actions of Polyphenols From Grapevine and Wine By-Products-Base for Complementary Therapy in Ischemic Heart Diseases

Impact of Vitamin D3 on Carbonyl-Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinases after Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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