“…However, to discount the value of biomarkers in the care of patients with AKI would be a mistake. For example, the positive predictive values for identification of AKI are poor (10-30%), but, importantly, negative predictive values are good (86-97%) [6]. Thus, clinical value may lie in directing of low-risk patients away from expensive interventions (such as ICU care), much in the way that d-dimer, troponin and BNP are best used to rule out venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction and heart failure, respectively.…”