Biomarkers in the diagnosis and study of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A systematic review

Sundararajan, Tharani; Tesar, George; Jiménez, Xavier F.

doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2015.12.011

Cited by 60 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Panic symptoms have been particularly commonly reported in PNES [8], and it has been claimed that panic plays a specific aetiological role in PNES events: Goldstein and Mellers speculated that the events occur as a response to heightened arousal in the absence of raised anxiety levels ('panic without panic') [9]. This is supported by reports of increased autonomic arousal in PNES [10], and by the use of hyperventilation, perhaps the cardinal feature of panic [11], to provoke non-epileptic events in EEG suites [12]. As the mechanisms of PNES remain elusive, the investigation of associated panic may potentially be informative as to their production or predisposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The association of panic and hyperventilation with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Indranada

Mullen

Duncan

et al. 2018

Seizure

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Previous studies have reported moderate rates of association of panic in PNES, though the proportions varied considerably across the literature, with physical symptoms more commonly reported than affective. Hyperventilation is an effective inducer of PNES events in a minority, and can be observed occurring in a minority of patients without induction. These results support an important, albeit not essential, role for panic and hyperventilation in the pathogenesis of PNES events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The association of panic and hyperventilation with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Indranada

Mullen

Duncan

et al. 2018

Seizure

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“…Sundararajan et al (2016) [29] have found that PNES is hyperlinked with dissociation and emotional dysregulation centres in the brain, examined with Functional MRI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Epilepsy and Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures: A Case Report

Galletta¹,

Confuorto²,

Lauria³

et al. 2017

OJPsych

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Epilepsy is a very complex disorder of the central nervous system. It is characterized by a sudden, disordered and excessive neuronal shock that causes different clinical evidences with specific related electroencephalogram (EEG). Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES) can seriously complicate the diagnosis of epilepsy. The separoxysmal events have the same clinical evidences of epilepsy, such as an impairment of the self-control and a range of sensory, motor and mental manifestations, without the typical related electroencephalogram (EEG) because of the absence of an organic cause. The overwhelming majority of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures are related to psychological factors like dissociation. This is a defense mechanism used to cope stressful events or emotional conflicts. Psychological or psychiatric disorders, like Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), are frequently associated to Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures. In this article, we present a case report of epilepsy combined with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures. A joint intervention is of great significance in this occurrence. The subject received a psychological assessment including psychometric and projective tools. He stood MMPI-2, Wais-R, SCL-90, Rorschach test and graphic tests. A psychological disorder related to defense mechanisms was identified. The subject presents a tendency to convert his fears and emotive pains in rational and more socially acceptable problems, using his body to express his discomfort. Patient with epileptic seizures should receive a psychological assessment to exclude Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures. Further studies should propose guidelines to integrate neurological, psychiatric and psychological intervention.

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“…Eine Differenzierung von einem non-konvulsiven SE ist von grundlegender Bedeutung aufgrund unterschiedlicher Therapiestrategien. [7].…”

Section: Absence-statusunclassified

Status epilepticus

Burghaus¹,

Dohmen²,

Malter³

2018

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

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Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency manifested by prolonged seizure activity or multiple seizures without full recovery of previous condition in between. The most important aim of treatment is early seizure termination, because duration of status epilepticus correlates with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Based on evidence from clinical trials and guidelines strategies for management of status epilepticus are provided.

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Biomarkers in the diagnosis and study of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A systematic review

Cited by 60 publications

References 101 publications

The association of panic and hyperventilation with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The association of panic and hyperventilation with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Association between Epilepsy and Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures: A Case Report

Status epilepticus

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