Biomarkers in spinal cord injury

Pouw, M.H.; Hosman, Allard J. F.; Middendorp, Joost J. van; Verbeek, Marcel M.; Vos, Pieter E.; Meent, H. van de

doi:10.1038/sc.2008.176

Cited by 69 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…[10][11][12][13] Although, several studies have been published concerning the use of biomarkers in CSF of patients with traumatic brain injury, only few studies exist in the field of SCI. 10 The potential of this approach in traumatic SCI was recently demonstrated by using the CSF concentration of several inflammatory cytokines and structural proteins such as S100b, tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in patients within 24 h post injury. 9 However, several other promising markers like neuron specific enolase (NSE) and neurofilament heavy chain (NFH) have not prospectively been investigated in SCI patients within 24 h post injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 However, several other promising markers like neuron specific enolase (NSE) and neurofilament heavy chain (NFH) have not prospectively been investigated in SCI patients within 24 h post injury. 10 Therefore, the main purpose of the current study was to determine if the 24 h post-injury CSF concentrations of a number of structural markers (GFAP, NSE, S-100b, tau and NFH) correlated with the baseline AIS grade of patients with an acute traumatic SCI. We also sought to establish the relationship between these proteins and neurologic recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 A new approach for evaluating the extent of spinal cord damage in the acute phase is the measurement of specific neural proteins within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 10 Trauma to the spinal cord causes an acute disruption of the spinal cord parenchyma. This is followed by a secondary axonal degeneration and further degeneration or death of nerve cells by either apoptosis or necrosis, processes that may last from days to weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid within 24 h after a traumatic spinal cord injury: a descriptive analysis of 16 subjects

et al. 2014

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Study design: Prospective cohort study. Objectives: To characterize the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron specific enolase (NSE), S-100b, tau and neurofilament heavy chain (NFH) within 24 h of an acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), and to correlate these concentrations with the baseline severity of neurologic impairment as graded by the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS). Methods: A lumbar puncture was performed to obtain CSF from 16 acute traumatic SCI patients within 24 h post injury. Neurological examinations were performed within 24 h of injury and again at 6 or 12 months post injury. The correlations between the CSF concentrations and initial AIS were calculated by using Pearson correlation coefficients. In addition, an independent Student's t-test was used to test for differences in CSF concentrations between patients of different AIS grades. Results: The CSF NSE concentrations were significantly correlated with the baseline neurologic impairment being either 'motor complete' (AIS A, B) or 'motor incomplete' (AIS C, D) (r ¼ 0.520, Po0.05). The mean S-100b concentration in motor complete patients was significantly higher compared with motor incomplete patients; 377.2 mg l À1 (s.d. ± 523 mg l À1 ) vs 57.1 mg l À1 (s.d.±56 mg l À1 ) (Po0.05), respectively. Lastly, the mean NFH concentration in motor complete patients was significantly higher compared with motor incomplete patient, 11 813 ng l À1 (s.d.±16 195 ng l À1 ) vs 1446.8 ngl À1 (s.d.±1533 ng l À1 ), (Po0.05), respectively. Conclusion: In this study we identified differences in the structural CSF biomarkers NSE, S-100b and NFH between motor complete and motor incomplete SCI patients. Our data showed no clear differences in any of the protein concentrations between the different AIS grades.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid within 24 h after a traumatic spinal cord injury: a descriptive analysis of 16 subjects

et al. 2014

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“…5,6 However, there are only a few reports on biomarkers in SCI patients. 7,8 Recently, studies in experimental SCI animals and aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients revealed an association between the level of the phosphorylated form of the high-molecular-weight neurofilament subunit NF-H (pNF-H) in blood and prognosis. 9,10 Because NF-H is one of the major structural complexes in axons, increased levels of the phosphorylated form of the protein, which is resistant to proteases, indicate increased axonal damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperphosphorylated neurofilament NF-H as a biomarker of the efficacy of minocycline therapy for spinal cord injury

et al. 2010

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Study design: An in vivo study in a rat model of acute spinal cord contusion. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of novel therapies for acute spinal cord injury (SCI), methods to evaluate accurately the effects of these therapies should be developed. Although neurological examination is commonly used for this purpose, unstable clinical conditions and the spontaneous recovery of neurological function in the acute and subacute phases after injury make this measurement unreliable. Recent studies have reported that the phosphorylated form of the high-molecular-weight neurofilament subunit NF-H (pNF-H), a new biomarker for axonal degeneration, can be measured in serum samples in experimental SCI animals. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the use of plasma pNF-H as an indicator of the efficacy of minocycline, a neuroprotective drug, for treating SCI. Setting: This study was carried out at Saitama, Japan. Methods: Spinal cord injured rats received either minocycline or saline intraperitoneally. The plasma pNF-H levels and functional hind limb score were determined after the injury. Results: Minocycline treatment reduced plasma pNF-H levels at 3 and 4 days post-injury (dpi). Rats with lower plasma pNF-H levels at 3 dpi had higher hind limb motor score at 28 dpi. Conclusions: pNF-H levels may serve as a biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of therapies for SCI.

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“…The close proximity of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the SC provides a unique opportunity to assess in vivo the presence of possible biomarkers in neurologic disease 12, 13, 14. A recent study showed that the blood–SC barrier is disrupted with chronic SC compression in a novel rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy 3.…”

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Cytokine Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Great Danes with Cervical Spondylomyelopathy

Martín-Vaquero

Costa

Moore

et al. 2014

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundChronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of human cervical spondylotic myelopathy and could also play a role in cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine concentrations would differ between clinically normal (control) and CSM‐affected Great Danes (GDs), with affected GDs showing higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1/chemokine ligand 2 (MCP‐1/CCL2).AnimalsClient‐owned GDs: 15 control, 15 CSM‐affected.MethodsProspective study. Dogs underwent cervical vertebral column magnetic resonance imaging and collection of CSF from the cerebellomedullary cistern. Cytokine concentrations were measured using a commercially available canine multiplex immunoassay. Cytokine concentrations were compared between groups. Associations with the administration of anti‐inflammatory medications, disease duration and severity, severity of spinal cord (SC) compression, and SC signal changes were investigated in affected GDs.ResultsAffected GDs had significantly lower MCP‐1/CCL2 (mean 138.03 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 114.85–161.20) than control GDs (212.89 pg/mL, 95% CI = 165.68–260.11, P = .028). In affected GDs, MCP‐1/CCL2 concentrations correlated inversely with the severity of SC compression. There were no associations with administration of anti‐inflammatory medications, disease duration, or disease severity. IL‐6 concentrations were significantly higher (2.20 pg/mL, 95% CI = 1.92–2.47, P < .001) in GDs with SC signal changes.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLower MCP‐1/CCL2 in CSM‐affected GDs might compromise clearance of axonal and myelin debris, delay axon regeneration, and affect recovery. Higher IL‐6 in CSM‐affected GDs with SC signal changes suggests more severe inflammation in this group.

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Biomarkers in spinal cord injury

Cited by 69 publications

References 51 publications

Structural biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid within 24 h after a traumatic spinal cord injury: a descriptive analysis of 16 subjects

Structural biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid within 24 h after a traumatic spinal cord injury: a descriptive analysis of 16 subjects

Hyperphosphorylated neurofilament NF-H as a biomarker of the efficacy of minocycline therapy for spinal cord injury

Cytokine Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Great Danes with Cervical Spondylomyelopathy

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