Biomarkers in premature calves with and without respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract

Background Approaches to the evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in premature calves by using lung‐specific epithelial and endothelial biomarkers are needed. Objective To investigate the evaluation of PAH in premature calves with and without respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by using lung‐specific epithelial and endothelial biomarkers and determine the prognostic value of these markers in premature calves. Animals Fifty premature calves with RDS, 20 non‐RDS premature calves, and 10 healthy term calves. Methods Hypoxia, hypercapnia, and tachypnea were considered criteria for RDS. Arterial blood gases (PaO2, PaCO2, oxygen saturation [SO2], base excess [BE], and serum lactate concentration) were measured to assess hypoxia. Serum concentrations of lung‐specific growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and surfactant protein D (SP‐D) were measured to assess PAH. Results Arterial blood pH, PaO2, SO2, and BE of premature calves with RDS were significantly lower and PaCO2 and lactate concentrations higher compared to non‐RDS premature and healthy calves. The ADMA and SP‐D concentrations of premature calves with RDS were lower and serum ET‐1 concentrations higher than those of non‐RDS premature and healthy calves. No statistical differences for GDF‐15 and VEGF were found among groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Significant increases in serum ET‐1 concentrations and decreases in ADMA and SP‐D concentrations highlight the utility of these markers in the diagnosis of PAH in premature calves with RDS. Also, we found that ET‐1 was a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PAH and predicting mortality in premature calves.

Neonatal heavy metals levels are associated with the severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a case–control study

“…In contrast to our results, Ider et al (2021) reported lower serum SP-D levels in NRDS than the healthy neonates [43]. Also, Hilgendorf et al (2005), found lower serum SP-D levels in preterm infants than full term infants [44].…”

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Systemic Inflammatory Indices in the Diagnosis of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm with Gestational Age of ≤32 Weeks

“…Surfactant protein-D (SP-D) is secreted by type II pneumocytes and plays an important role in maintaining the surface integrity of the alveoli. 3 It has been reported that there is a decrease in pulmonary hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and 2α expression and an increase in cytokine levels due to immature lungs in premature infants with RDS. 1 In RDS, the initial acute inflammatory injury is another part of the lung injury.…”

“…Although the use of some biomarkers for the diagnosis of RDS helps the clinician, a specific diagnostic test is still not available for a definitive diagnosis. [1][2][3][4][5] In recent years, it has been stated that some systemic inflammatory indices may be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of some inflammatory diseases and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic diseases. [6][7][8][9]23 In our study, the place of these markers in the diagnosis of RDS was evaluated.…”

The Usefulness of Serum Brain Damage Biomarkers in Detection and Evaluation of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Calves with Perinatal Asphyxia

“…Calves with congenital abnormalities, prematurity, infection suspicion, and diarrhea were excluded from the study. All calves with asphyxia received standard supportive treatment, which included oxygen therapy and a feeding protocol following admission to the neonatal intensive care unit [ 3 , 25 , 26 ].…”

“…The criteria for RDS were respiratory acidosis, hypoxia (PaO 2 < 60 mmHg), hypercapnia (PaCO 2 > 45 mmHg), tachypnea (respiratory rate > 45/min), abdominal respiration, and hyperlactatemia (>6 mmol/L) [ 3 , 25 , 26 ]. Among these parameters, the presence of at least two criteria along with PaO 2 < 60 mmHg was taken into consideration [ 1 , 25 , 27 ].…”