Biomarkers in Earthworms

Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J.; Weeks, Jason M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1172-3_3

Cited by 86 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…The Organization for Economic and Cooperative Development (OECD) has recommended the use of earthworm mortality for the chemical toxicity test [1]. Several biomarkers such as DNA alterations and Cholinesterase activity in earthworms following exposure to chemicals were also proposed [2]. The elemental composition of earthworms gives useful information on background levels and possible accumulation of toxic metals as well as related radionuclides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-element analyses of earthworms for radioecology and ecotoxicology

Yoshida¹,

Muramatsu

Peijnenburg

2005

Radioprotection

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Abstract. Earthworms and their growth media were analyzed for 33 elements, including radionuclide related elements such as Cs, Sr and U, in order to obtain basic information on the transfer parameters of the elements. The earthworms analyzed were Eisenia foetida fed in the laboratory by using cotton linters or leaf litter. The concentrations and transfer factors (TFs) of the elements were determined. Relatively high TFs were observed for Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Mo and Cd. The TFs for Al, Sc, Ti, Y, Nb and lanthanide elements were low. The TFs of alkaline elements, K, Rb and Cs, decrease with atomic number. The TFs of Cs were 0.16 for both media. Multi-element analyses could provide much information on the concentration and transfer of elements for earthworms which are one candidate reference organism for environmental radiation protection studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-element analyses of earthworms for radioecology and ecotoxicology

Yoshida¹,

Muramatsu

Peijnenburg

2005

Radioprotection

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“…The inhibition of AChE and GST in earthworms has been established for a number of species, including A. caliginosa [13,20,33,37]. With some variation, most of the concentrations used in our study resulted in a time-related response of specific activity in the earthworms (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Toxicity Assessment of Buprofezin, Lufenuron, and Triflumuron to the EarthwormAporrectodea caliginosa

Badawy

Kenawy

El-Aswad

2013

International Journal of Zoology

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Earthworms are particularly important soil macroinvertebrates and are often used in assessing the general impact of pesticide pollution in soil. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the toxicity of three insect growth regulators (IGRs) buprofezin, lufenuron, and triflumuron, at different application rates and exposure times toward mature earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa. The effects of these pesticides on the growth rate in relation to the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as biochemical indicators were evaluated to elucidate the mechanisms of action. Toxicity studies indicated that lufenuron was the most harmful pesticide to mature earthworms, followed in descending order by buprofezin and triflumuron. A reduction in growth rate in all pesticide-treated worms was dose-dependent over the 28-day exposure period, which was accompanied by a decrease in AChE and GST activities. Relationships between growth rate, AChE, and GST provided strong evidence for the involvement of pesticidal contamination in the biochemical changes in earthworms, which can be used as a bioindicator of soil contamination by pesticides.

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“…16,83,84) Earthworms are common organisms in agroecosystems with direct beneficial effects on plant growth and soil functioning. Paradoxically, very few studies have assessed the impact of agricultural pesticide applications upon earthworm populations through the use of biomarkers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17] This paper solely focuses on the advances in earthworm molecular and biochemical biomarkers of pesticide exposure. Comparisons with related biomarker studies in other organisms will allow identification of the main gaps in the knowledge of earthworm biomarkers and will put into perspective the need for a greater understanding of the following issues: 1) field validation of biomarkers of pesticide exposure currently used in earthworms and testing of biomarkers of pesticide exposure commonly used in other organisms, 2) the impact of confounding biological and environmental factors on natural variations of biomarker responses, 3) the development of new biomarker approaches to assess long-term exposure to pesticides, and 4) the need of predicting adverse effects at individual and population levels from sub-individual biomarkers related to behaviour and reproductive disruption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthworm biomarkers of pesticide contamination: Current status and perspectives

Rodríguez-Castellanos

Sánchez-Hernández²

2007

Journal of Pesticide Science

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Earthworms are standard test organisms in soil toxicity testing. They have been broadly used to assess environmental impact from heavy metal pollution; however, the knowledge on toxic effects from pesticides upon these organisms is still very limited. One of the ecotoxicological approaches to assess pollutant bioavailability and sublethal effects is the use of molecular and biochemical biomarkers. This review focuses on five issues that need further investigation: 1) field validation of earthworm biomarkers of pesticide exposure (e.g., cholinesterases) as well as testing and development in earthworms of those biomarkers of pesticide exposure currently used in other organisms (e.g., carboxylesterases), 2) the impact of environmental and biological interfering factors upon biomarker responses, 3) the development of biomarker-based approaches to assess long-term pesticide exposure, and 4) the need to develop biomarkers of behavioural and reproductive disruption with direct implications at individual and population levels.

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Biomarkers in Earthworms

Cited by 86 publications

References 134 publications

Multi-element analyses of earthworms for radioecology and ecotoxicology

Multi-element analyses of earthworms for radioecology and ecotoxicology

Toxicity Assessment of Buprofezin, Lufenuron, and Triflumuron to the EarthwormAporrectodea caliginosa

Earthworm biomarkers of pesticide contamination: Current status and perspectives

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