Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure Syndromes: An Update

Abstract

: Heart failure is one of the leading healthcare problems in the world. Clinical data lacks sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of heart failure. Laboratory biomarkers are a non-invasive method of assessing suspected decompensated heart failure. Biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides have shown promising results in the management of heart failure. The literature does not provide comprehensive guidance in the utilization of biomarkers in the setting of acute heart failure syndrome. Many conditions that manifest with similar pathophysiology as acute heart failure syndrome may demonstrate positive biomarkers. The following is a review of biomarkers in heart failure, enlightening their role in diagnosis, prognosis and management of heart failure.

HE4 Serum Levels are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Acute Heart Failure Combined with Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Currently, several biomarkers are useful for predicting the prognosis of AHF, including N-Terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Soluble ST2 (sST2), Galectin-3 (Gal-3), and Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15). 6 In clinical practice, NT-proBNP is widely used for the prognostic assessment of AHF. However, NT-proBNP levels are affected by various factors and diseases such as renal function, age, weight, pulmonary embolism, sepsis, and stroke, which can reduce its prognostic value.…”

Editorial: Acute heart failure: From bench to bedside

“…Meanwhile, a role of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, age and gender in de novo AHF and acute decompensated chronic heart failure (HF) retains to be not fully clear. Indeed, there is a large amount of clinical studies dedicated to a link between key pathogenetic mechanisms in any phenotypes of chronic HF, a risk of HF decompensation and cardiac/non-cardiac comorbidities (Harjola et al, 2017;Al-Sadawi et al, 2022).In the four papers of this Research Topic various aspects of heart failure are discussed. In the first paper, Keir et al focused on the prognostic value of an augmented peripheral chemoreflex hypoxic ventilatory response as measured from brief hypoxic exposures in HF patients with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction.…”

“…Current guidelines, which are reported by American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology and European Cardiology Society, have been widely implemented in routine clinical praxis. However, there are several challenges regarding stratification of the CVD patients at higher risk of de novo AHF, prediction of both short-term and long-term prognosis and clinical trajectory of AHF, choice of optimal management at every stage of natural evolution of heart failure, role of circulating biomarkers in prognosis and management ( Harjola et al, 2017 ; Al-Sadawi et al, 2022 ; McDonagh et al, 2022 ). Meanwhile, a role of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, age and gender in de novo AHF and acute decompensated chronic heart failure (HF) retains to be not fully clear.…”

“…Meanwhile, a role of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, age and gender in de novo AHF and acute decompensated chronic heart failure (HF) retains to be not fully clear. Indeed, there is a large amount of clinical studies dedicated to a link between key pathogenetic mechanisms in any phenotypes of chronic HF, a risk of HF decompensation and cardiac/non-cardiac comorbidities ( Harjola et al, 2017 ; Al-Sadawi et al, 2022 ).…”