Biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer immunotherapy

Long-term consequences of COVID-19 are associated with persistent endothelial dysfunction, so it is important to study both infectious and oncological processes. The aim of the study was to examine endothelin-1 (ET-1) level in the blood and lung tissues of post-COVID-19 patients (men and women) with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Materials and Methods. We examined 60 patients (59.1±3.9 years of age) with verified NSCLC, T1-3NxM0, hospitalized at the National Medical Research Center for Oncology in 2020–2021. All patients had a history of asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 (control group) or severe/moderate COVID-19 (main group). We also examined 15 healthy people (of the same age and sex) who did not suffer from COVID-19 at the time of blood sampling (donor group). The levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1-38, ET-1-21) were measured by ELISA in blood plasma of all trial subjects and in lung tissues these parameters were measured only in NSCLC patients before treatment. Results. In NSCLC patients of the main group, ET-1-21 level in plasma was on average twice as high as that in the control group and in donors. In the tumor and the perifocal zone, ET-1-21 level was higher than that in the resection line tissue: by 1.4–2.7 times in the control group, by 1.6–7.6 times in the main group in men and women. At the same time, women of the main group had a significantly more pronounced increase in ET-1-21 level in the perifocal zone and a decrease in the tumor tissue compared to that in the control group. ET-1-38 level in the control group was 3 and 2.1 times as low as in the tumor and perifocal zone, and in the main group it was 2.8 times as high in the perifocal zone in women as that in the resection line tissue. Gender differences in ET-1 level in both groups of patients were revealed. Conclusion. In NSCLC post-COVID-19 patients, changes in the endothelin-1 level were found, which could be caused not only by long-term endothelium dysfunction, but which also could modify NSCLC development.

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Endothelin-1 Level in Blood and Lung Tissue in Post-Covid-19 Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Frantsiyants

Kharagezov

Surikova

et al. 2023

Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal

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PARAMETERS OF FREE RADICAL OXIDATION IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AND COVID-19 IN ANAMNESIS

Kit,

Goroshinskaya,

Frantsiyants

et al. 2023

Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal

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The role of redox processes imbalance in the onset of malignant transformation and neoplasia progression is well known. It has been suggested that COVID-19 is a metabolic disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione-dependent antioxidant system contribute much to its development. Moreover, there is an opinion that it is necessary to precisely identify free radical oxidation products that contribute to a redox status imbalance in the blood of COVID-19 patients. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the intensity of lipid peroxidation and parameters of the antioxidant system in the blood cells of lung cancer patients with COVID-19 in anamnesis. Materials and methods. We studied lymphocytes and neutrophils in the blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stages I-IIIA (T1-3NХM0). The main group included 30 patients with NSCLC (15 men and 15 women) who had suffered severe and moderate COVID-19. The control group consisted of 15 men and 15 women with NSCLC who had asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2. Conventional spectrophotometric methods were used to study the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates (DC) and reduced glutathione (RG), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GP). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Statistica 10.0. Results: In lung cancer patients of both sexes who had suffered severe COVID-19, MDA levels in lymphocytes and neutrophils were almost two times as high as those in patients with mild COVID-19. A higher DC level in men with severe COVID-19 in anamnesis was observed only in lymphocytes, and in women – in neutrophils. Women in both groups were characterized by higher levels of MDA, DC, and lymphocyte SOD activity compared with men. Increased RG level was observed only in the control group. In men with severe COVID-19, there was a decrease in SOD activity both in lymphocytes and neutrophils, accompanied by an increased RG level. Conclusion. In lung cancer patients with COVID-19 in anamnesis, CRP activation is observed. Its severity correlates with the past COVID-19 severity.

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Immunotherapy for epithelial tumors of the thymus

Kit,

Kharagezov,

Lazutin

et al. 2023

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Thymomas and carcinomas of the thymus gland, also known as epithelial tumors of the thymus (TT) are rare malignant neoplasms, but are the most common solid tumors of the anterior mediastinum. The incidence does not exceed 1.3–1.7 per million inhabitants per year. In Europe, about 1,500 new cases are registered annually, and the average age of patients is around 40–50 years.Originating from the epithelial component of the thymus, the primary lymphoid organ, they are accompanied by a high risk of developing autoimmune disorders due to their unique biology. Indeed, up to 30 % of TETS patients suffer from autoimmune disorders (AID), the most common of which is myasthenia gravis (MG). AID are detected not only during the diagnosis of a tumor, but also during follow-up. With rare exceptions, there are no specific targets for targeted therapy in TETS. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) halt the ability of tumor cells to evade immune surveillance, enhancing their killing. Unprecedented achievements of immunotherapy (IT) in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma have made it reasonable to study the effectiveness of prescribing ICI in patients with TETs. The prevalence of AIR in different morphological subtypes of TETs may influence the decision to conduct IT due to the increased risk of toxicity. The review summarizes current data on the effectiveness of IT in thymoma and thymus cancer (TC) and discusses several unresolved problems associated with the use of ICI in TETs.The purpose of this review is to present up-to-date data on the issue under discussion and possible prognostic biomarkers for IT, and to highlight the problems associated with autoimmune disorders (AID). In our opinion, a deep understanding of the molecular genetic and immune landscape of thymus epithelial tumors and the interaction of ICI with the immune system is the key to improving the effectiveness and preventing the side effects of autoimmune IT. A comprehensive solution to existing problems will undoubtedly open up new possibilities for the drug treatment of this rare and difficult disease.

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Biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer immunotherapy

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Endothelin-1 Level in Blood and Lung Tissue in Post-Covid-19 Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Endothelin-1 Level in Blood and Lung Tissue in Post-Covid-19 Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

PARAMETERS OF FREE RADICAL OXIDATION IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AND COVID-19 IN ANAMNESIS

Immunotherapy for epithelial tumors of the thymus

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