Biomarkers detection with magnetoresistance-based sensors

Point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases: From methods to devices

“…GMR effect, which was discovered in 1980s, usually happens in a multi-layer structure in which ferromagnetic (FM) and non-magnetic (NM) thin films are deposited alternately [260] , [261] , [262] . However, subsequently studies demonstrated that GMR effect could also happen in inhomogeneous media, granular films for example, which expanded the biomedical applications of GMR biosensors [263] , [264] . Moreover, GMR effect can sense very low magnetic fields, making it very attractive for developing magnetic biosensors for highly sensitive POC detection of infectious diseases.…”

Current Progress of Magnetoresistance Sensors

“…The MR sensor-based biological sensing platforms have attracted the interest of researchers since the first GMR biosensor array was developed in 1998 [168]. Currently, MR biosensors are applied in three major categories of biomedical applications: biomedical diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring [127,[169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176].…”

“…MR sensors-based biomedical sensing platforms are suitable for diagnosis applications. The precise and robust diagnosis technique is decisive for treating patients and restricting the spread of the diseases [171]. Various proof-of-concept MR biosensors were designed for diagnosis even in the early stages of MR devices' development [177,178].…”

“…Although MR biosensing platforms exhibit low LODs, the 96 well ELISAs still display a higher sensitivity in terms of the allergens testing. Further studies are required in this area to improve the sensitivity [171].…”

“…MR biosensing platform is a promising candidate for the development of ideal next-generation biosensing systems. Currently, MR biosensing platforms experience difficulties in the magnitude of MR (especially for low magnetic fields), sensing range, and investments for commercially accessible MR sensors [171]. Moreover, the performance of multilayer systems is inadequate at room temperature [171].…”