Biomarkers, chemistry and microbiology show chemoautotrophy in a multilayer chemocline in the Cariaco Basin

Wakeham, Stuart G.; Turich, Courtney; Schubotz, Florence; Podlaska, Agnieszka; Li, Xiaona N.; Varela, Ramón; Astor, Yrene; Sáenz, James; Rush, Darci; Damsté, Jaap S. Sinninghe; Summons, Roger E.; Scranton, Mary I.; Taylor, Gordon T.; Hinrichs, Kai‐Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2012.01.005

Cited by 75 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 216 publications

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“…A study of the water column of the anoxic, sulfidic Cariaco Basin by Wakeham et al (2012) revealed that the peak concentration of BHT isomer occurred at the chemocline, comparable to the peak in ladderane fatty acid concentrations. Ladderane lipids are synthesised uniquely by anaerobic ammonium oxidising (anammox) bacteria (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, so far the major biological source organism in marine environments, where BHT isomer is most often detected (Blumenberg et la., 2010;Sáenz et al, 2011;Wakeham et al, 2012;Berndmeyer et al, 2013;Kharbush et al, 2013), remains unknown. Sáenz et al (2011) hypothesised that an anaerobic organism is responsible for the synthesis of the marine occurrences of BHT isomer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic ammonium-oxidising bacteria: A biological source of the bacteriohopanetetrol stereoisomer in marine sediments

Rush

Damsté

Poulton

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Bacterially-derived bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) are abundant, well preserved lipids in modern and paleo-environments. Bacteriohopanetetrol (BHT) is a ubiquitously produced BHP while its less common stereoisomer (BHT isomer) has previously been associated with anoxic environments; however, its biological source remained unknown. We investigated the occurrence of BHPs in Golfo Dulce, an anoxic marine fjord-like enclosure located in Costa Rica. The distribution of BHT isomer in four sediment cores and a surface sediment transect closely followed the distribution of ladderane fatty acids, unique biomarkers for bacteria performing anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). This suggests that BHT isomer and ladderane lipids likely shared the same biological source in Golfo Dulce. This was supported by examining the BHP lipid compositions of two enrichment cultures of a marine anammox species ('Candidatus Scalindua profunda'), which were found to contain both BHT and BHT isomer. Remarkably, the BHT isomer was present in higher relative abundance than BHT. However, a non-marine anammox enrichment contained only BHT, which explains the infrequence of BHT isomer observations in terrestrial settings, and indicates that marine anammox bacteria are likely responsible for at least part of the environmentally-observed marine BHT isomer occurrences.Given the substantially greater residence time of BHPs in sediments, compared to ladderanes, BHT isomer is a potential biomarker for past anammox activity.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidising bacteria: A biological source of the bacteriohopanetetrol stereoisomer in marine sediments

Rush

Damsté

Poulton

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…Two comprehensive in situ biomarker reports gave a wide-ranging overview of various biomarkers and their producers in the Black Sea water column and identified a close coupling of microorganisms to biogeochemically defined water layers (Wakeham et al, 2007(Wakeham et al, , 2012. Several other in situ biomarker water-column studies exist, but they were usually focused on certain aspects, for example anaerobic and aerobic methanotrophy ( Schouten et al, 2001;Schubert et al, 2006;Blumenberg et al, 2007;Sáenz et al, 2011;Xie et al, 2014, and others).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in the stratified water column of the Landsort Deep (Baltic Sea)

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The water column of the Landsort Deep, central Baltic Sea, is stratified into an oxic, suboxic, and anoxic zone. This stratification controls the distributions of individual microbial communities and biogeochemical processes. In summer 2011, particulate organic matter was filtered from these zones using an in situ pump. Lipid biomarkers were extracted from the filters to establish water-column profiles of individual hydrocarbons, alcohols, phospholipid fatty acids, and bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs). As a reference, a cyanobacterial bloom sampled in summer 2012 in the central Baltic Sea Gotland Deep was analyzed for BHPs. The biomarker data from the surface layer of the oxic zone showed major inputs from cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and ciliates, while the underlying cold winter water layer was characterized by a low diversity and abundance of organisms, with copepods as a major group. The suboxic zone supported bacterivorous ciliates, type I aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and, most likely, methanogenic archaea. In the anoxic zone, sulfate reducers and archaea were the dominating microorganisms as indicated by the presence of distinctive branched fatty acids: archaeol and pentamethylicosane (PMI) derivatives, respectively. Our study of in situ biomarkers in the Landsort Deep thus provided an integrated insight into the distribution of relevant compounds and describes useful tracers to reconstruct stratified water columns in the geological record.

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“…Another plausible utilization pathway of NH face in Cariaco. They found that anammox bacteria and ladderane lipids, an anammox bacterial biomarker, were abundant at ∼ 250 m. Furthermore, maxima in chemoautotrophic production rates (dark DIC assimilation) have also been measured at this depth, likely as a result of the presence of the anammox metabolism and perhaps autotrophic denitrification (or thiodenitrification) within this layer Wakeham et al, 2012).…”

Section: Biogenic N 2 Production and Upwellingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Nitrate from intrusions into the oxicanoxic interface would be consumed by denitrification while that injected into the sulfidic portion of the water column would be consumed by autotrophic denitrification, a biological process that uses sulfur species as reductant to convert nitrate into N 2 (Fuchsman et al, 2012;Jensen et al, 2009). Though an overlap between sulfide and nitrate has not been detected in the basin (M. Scranton, personal communication, 2012) and incubations have not shown any stimulation of dark carbon fixation by nitrate, previous work has reported high rates of dark dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation (chemoautotrophy) occurring at the oxic-anoxic interface in the Cariaco Basin Wakeham et al, 2012).…”

Section: E Montes Et Al: Biogenic Nitrogen Gas Production At the Oxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic nitrogen gas production at the oxic–anoxic interface in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Excess nitrogen gas (N xs2 ) was measured in samples collected at six locations in the eastern and western sub-basins of the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, in September 2008 (non-upwelling conditions) and March 2009 (upwelling conditions). During both sampling periods, N xs 2 concentrations were below detection in surface waters, increasing to ∼ 22 µmol N kg −1 at the oxic-anoxic interface ([O 2 ] < ∼ 4 µmol kg −1 , ∼ 250 m). Below the oxicanoxic interface (300-400 m), the average concentration of N xs 2 was 24.7 ± 1.9 µmol N kg −1 in September 2008 and 27.5 ± 2.0 µmol N kg −1 in March 2009, i.e., N xs 2 concentrations within this depth interval were ∼ 3 µmol N kg −1 higher (p < 0.001) during the upwelling season compared to the non-upwelling period. These results suggest that Nloss in the Cariaco Basin may vary seasonally in response to changes in the flux of sinking particulate organic matter. We attribute the increase in N xs 2 concentrations, or N-loss, observed during upwelling to: (1) higher availability of fixed nitrogen derived from suspended and sinking particles at the oxic-anoxic interface and/or (2) enhanced ventilation at the oxic-anoxic interface during upwelling.

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Biomarkers, chemistry and microbiology show chemoautotrophy in a multilayer chemocline in the Cariaco Basin

Cited by 75 publications

References 216 publications

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidising bacteria: A biological source of the bacteriohopanetetrol stereoisomer in marine sediments

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidising bacteria: A biological source of the bacteriohopanetetrol stereoisomer in marine sediments

Biomarkers in the stratified water column of the Landsort Deep (Baltic Sea)

Biogenic nitrogen gas production at the oxic–anoxic interface in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

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