Biomarkers: Anatomical and Physiological

O’Rourke, Michael; O'Rourke, John

doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.02.013

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Although baEI may predominantly be determined by central (elastic) artery stiffness, its values that are higher than cfPWV or PWV of the arteries of the upper and lower limbs 4,46 indicate that it may be determined by stiffness of distal peripheral arteries. Among parameters of arterial stiffness, aortic PWV was the primary independent correlate of baEI, 47 explaining 58% of the total variance in baEI, and an additional 23% of the variance was explained by femoralankle PWV.…”

Section: Baei: Theoretical and Methodologic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality With Brachial-Ankle Elasticity Index

et al. 2012

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Abstract-Brachial-ankle elasticity index (baEI; also known as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity) has been proposed as a surrogate end point for cardiovascular disease. We performed a meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies for determining the ability of baEI to predict risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality and dissecting factors influencing this predictive ability. Multiple online databases, reference lists from retrieved articles, and abstracts from international cardiovascular conventions were searched until April 2012. Longitudinal cohort studies that reported associations of baEI with clinical risk were included. Of the 18 studies included (8169 participants; mean follow-up, 3.6 years), 15 reported results on total cardiovascular events (5544 individuals), 7 on cardiovascular mortality (2274 individuals), and 9 on all-cause mortality (5097 individuals). The pooled relative risks for total cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality were 2.95 (95% CI, 1.63-5.33), 5.36 (95% CI, 2.17-13.27), and 2.45 (95% CI, 1.56 -3.86), respectively, for subjects with high versus low baEI (all PϽ0.001). An increase in baEI by 1 m/s corresponded with an increase of 12%, 13%, and 6% in total cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality, respectively. We conclude that baEI is associated with increased risk of total cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Issues such as expansion of data to non-Asian populations, validation of path length estimation, determination of reference values, and prospective comparison with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity remain to be resolved. (Hypertension. 2012;60:556-562.) • Online Data Supplement Key Words: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity Ⅲ cardiovascular risk Ⅲ cardiovascular disease Ⅲ mortality Ⅲ prediction Ⅲ meta-analysis Ⅲ arterial stiffness A rterial stiffness is increasingly recognized as a surrogate end point for cardiovascular (CV) disease and is associated with presence of CV risk factors and atherosclerotic disease.1 Arterial stiffness can be measured with noninvasive, reproducible, and relatively inexpensive techniques, and, thus, it is suitable for large-scale studies. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV; cfPWV) is considered the goldstandard method for assessing aortic stiffness 2 and predicts future CV events and all-cause mortality in a strong and independent manner. Brachial-ankle PWV, calculated as the ratio of the distance between the brachial and the tibial artery divided by the transit time between these 2 arteries, has been proposed as an additional arterial biomarker of CV risk. PWV is classically referred to "segmental stiffness." Because of the complexity of the anatomic course of the brachial-ankle arterial system, it is unclear whether the term brachial-ankle PWV is appropriate to define any particular segmental stiffness or whether it is just the ratio of a virtual brachial-ankle distance and the measurement of the brachial-ankle transit time. For this reason, this index will ...

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Section: Baei: Theoretical and Methodologic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality With Brachial-Ankle Elasticity Index

et al. 2012

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Effectiveness of exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure among postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yang,

Tao,

Shao

et al. 2024

Syst Rev

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Background The acute and long-term benefits of exercise training on cardiovascular health have been well established. The systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the effectiveness of exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure among postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov website from inception to September 30, 2023, to identify the randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which evaluated the effectiveness of exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Standardized mean differences (SMD), weighted mean differences (WMD), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using random/fixed effects models. Quality assessment was performed using the modified Jadad scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted based on drug dosage, treatment duration, and age of administration to further explore potential heterogeneity. Funnel plots were performed to assess publication bias and Begg’s regression test was carried out for funnel plot asymmetry. Results Twenty-two RCTs involving 1978 participants were included in the quantitative analysis. The mean quality of eligible studies was 4.2 out of 7 based on the modified Jadad scale. The results indicated that exercise training had a significant effect on reducing brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [MD = − 0.69, 95%CI (− 1.11, − 0.27), P = 0.001], decreasing augmentation index (AIx) [MD = − 6.00, 95%CI (− 6.39, − 5.61), P < 0.00001] and AIx normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (AIx@75%) [MD = − 7.01, 95%CI − 7.91 to − 6.12, P < 0.00001], lowering systolic blood pressure [MD = − 6.19, 95%CI − 9.24 to − 3.15, P < 0.0001], diastolic blood pressure [MD = − 3.57, 95%CI (− 6.10, − 1.03), P = 0.006) and pulse pressure [MD = − 8.52, 95%CI (− 16.27, − 0.76), P = 0.03]. Subgroup analysis revealed that baseline blood pressure levels had a large impact on the effect of exercise training. Conclusions The systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that exercise training may ameliorate arterial stiffness and reduce blood pressure in postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure. However, the optimal mode of exercise training that improves arterial stiffness and blood pressure in this population requires further investigation. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42021211268

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The Fiscal Origins of Comparative Inequality Levels: An Empirical and Historical Investigation

Irarrázaval¹

2020

SSRN Journal

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Biomarkers: Anatomical and Physiological

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality With Brachial-Ankle Elasticity Index

Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality With Brachial-Ankle Elasticity Index

Effectiveness of exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure among postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Fiscal Origins of Comparative Inequality Levels: An Empirical and Historical Investigation

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