Biomagnification of dieldrin residues by food-chain transfer from clams to blue crabs under controlled conditions

Petrocelli, S. R.; Anderson, Jack W.; Hanks, Alan R

doi:10.1007/bf01684873

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Dieldrin (C 12 H 8 Cl 6 O) is considered a persistent organic pollutant that does not readily breakdown and remains stable in soil and in ultraviolet light [ 8 ]. Furthermore, it tends to biomagnify in the food chain [ 9 ]–[ 11 ], where it is stored mostly in the adipose tissue of insects and mammals [ 12 , 13 ]. The main concern with dieldrin arose after many years of indiscriminate applications over large areas, when levels of insecticide residues above acceptable thresholds were detected in dairy milk, cheese, and adipose tissue of birds, cows, and even humans [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This led to its ban by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) by 1980. In the 1970s and 1980s, some isolated experiments were conducted in response to these concerns, in which bioaccumulation or food chain transfer was detected in the laboratory [ 9 , 10 , 12 , 15 ] or in the environment [ 16 , 17 ]. These studies involved relatively high doses of the insecticide, however, which were artificially fed to the experimental animals or sprayed in the environment over prolonged periods of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anopheles arabiensis egg treatment with dieldrin for sex separation leaves residues in male adult mosquitoes that can bioaccumulate in goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)

Yamada

Jandrić

Chhem-Kieth

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a biological control tactic that is used as a component of area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programs. The SIT can only be applied against disease-transmitting mosquitoes when only sterile male mosquitoes are released, and the blood-sucking and potentially disease-transmitting females are eliminated from the production line. For Anopheles arabiensis, a potent vector of malaria, a genetic sexing strain was developed whereby females can be eliminated by treating the eggs or larvae with the insecticide dieldrin. To evaluate the presence of dieldrin residues in male mosquitoes designated for SIT releases, a simple, sensitive, and accurate gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC–ECD) method was developed. In addition, bioaccumulation and food chain transfer of these residues to fish after feeding with treated mosquitoes was demonstrated. The overall recovery from method validation studies was 77.3 ± 2.2% (mean ± relative standard deviation [RSD]) for the mosquitoes, and 99.1 ± 4.4% (mean ± RSD) for the fish. The average dieldrin concentration found in adult male An. arabiensis was 28.1 ± 2.9 µg/kg (mean ± standard deviation [SD]). A range of 23.9 ± 1.1 µg/kg to 73.9 ± 5.2 µg/kg (mean ± SD) of dieldrin was found in the fish samples. These findings indicate the need to reassess the environmental and health implications of control operations with a SIT component against An. arabiensis that involves using persistent organochlorines in the sexing process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anopheles arabiensis egg treatment with dieldrin for sex separation leaves residues in male adult mosquitoes that can bioaccumulate in goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)

Yamada

Jandrić

Chhem-Kieth

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The developed strain depends exclusively on the use of dieldrin to eliminate females. Dieldrin is a persistent organochloride that has the potential to indirectly affect other organisms through bio‐accumulation in the environment (Pectrocelli et al ., ; WHO, ). Furthermore, it might pose serious health concerns and contamination of the mass‐rearing facilities if not properly handled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a genetic sexing strain of Anopheles arabiensis for KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa

Dandalo

Munhenga

Kaiser

et al. 2017

Medical Vet Entomology

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Abstract. An efficient sexing system is important for the release of sterile males for any control programme using the sterile insect technique. This study describes the development and characterization of a new genetic sexing strain from South Africa (GMK), needed for the planned implementation of such a programme in northern KwaZulu-Natal Province. The base colony used was a locally modified laboratory strain of Anopheles arabiensis containing a sex-linked gene conferring dieldrin resistance to male mosquitoes. Female A. arabiensis mosquitoes from northern KwaZulu-Natal were mated with these males and backcrossed to introduce the dieldrin resistance gene to the Y chromosome. The resulting strain therefore had an overall genotype representing the local population but with the Y chromosome containing the dieldrin resistance gene. Life-history characteristics, stability of the sex-linked resistance marker, and reduction in dieldrin waste were investigated. The strain showed semi-sterility exhibited by low egg hatch rates, faster development in the immature stages and longer adult survivorship compared with the parental strains. While the GMK strain carrying the dieldrin-resistant gene was successfully established, the stability of the gene is limited, requiring periodic purification. Dieldrin waste can be limited by treating many more eggs than currently recommended.

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“…These values are similar to those observed by other workers. Petrocelli et al (1975) fed dieldrin-exposed clams to blue crabs, (Callinectes sapidus), and from their data a food concentration factor as high as 0.5 can be calculated. Jackson (1976) fed an endrin-contaminated diet (2.5 ppm) to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) for 147 days and observed an average whole-body residue of 0.49 ppm, which indicates a food concentration factor of 0.2.…”

Section: Time (Doys)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous aquatic researchers have been concerned about the importance of the water or the food chain, or both, as sources for biological magnification of pesticides in the aquatic environment (Reinert 1967, Chadwick and Brocksen 1969, Grzenda et al 1970, Harrison et al 1970, Macek and Korn 1970, Eberhardt et al 1971, Hamelink et al 1971, Johnson et al 1971, Murphy 1971, Epifanio 1973, and Petrocelli et al 1975. None of these authors, however, presented data relative to situations whgre both types of exposure are involved at threshold levels of chronic toxicity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Toxicity to fathead minnows of endrin in food and water

Jarvinen¹,

Tyo²

1978

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Abstract. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed during a partial chronic toxicity study to endrin concentrations in the water or food, or both, for 300 days encompassing reproduction. Tissue residues were analyzed at preset intervals for first-generation fish, and were also determined for embryos, larvae at hatch, and 30-day progeny. Gas-chromatographic and liquid-scintillation techniques were used to monitor the contribution of endrin from each source. The food was clams that had accumulated 14C-endrin when exposed to an endrin water concentration similar to that to which the fish were exposed.Higher endrin tissue residues were accumulated from the water than from food. Maximum concentration factors were 0.8 from the food and 13,000 from the water. Residues contributed by eiadrin in the food were additive to those from the water at all life stages. Endrin in the food (0.63 ppm) significantly reduced survival of the fathead minnows, and fish exposed to both endrin sources had lower survival than those exposed to either source alone. Endrin residues in embryos and larvae were highest and larval survival lowest for progeny of adults exposed to endrin in both food and water. Survival of 30-day progeny was significantly reduced at all test exposures (0.63 ppm in the food, water exposures of 0.14 and 0.25 ppb, and all combinations of food and water exposure).

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Biomagnification of dieldrin residues by food-chain transfer from clams to blue crabs under controlled conditions

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Anopheles arabiensis egg treatment with dieldrin for sex separation leaves residues in male adult mosquitoes that can bioaccumulate in goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)

Anopheles arabiensis egg treatment with dieldrin for sex separation leaves residues in male adult mosquitoes that can bioaccumulate in goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)

Development of a genetic sexing strain of Anopheles arabiensis for KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa

Toxicity to fathead minnows of endrin in food and water

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