Biology of the polyploid geophyte Allium oleraceum (Amaryllidaceae): Variation in size, sexual and asexual reproduction and germination within and between tetra-, penta- and hexaploid cytotypes

The role of polyploidy in shaping morphological diversity in natural populations ofPhlox amabilis

“…However, diploids and hexaploids were not always at the extremes, and tetraploids were not always intermediate, suggesting that the relationship between polyploidy and trait size is not always linear. This result agrees with other studies that have concluded that no single trait distinguishes all three levels of ploidy studied (Li et al, 2010; Richardson and Hanks, 2011; Fialová et al, 2014).…”

“…4). Less morphological distinction among polyploids than between diploids and polyploids has been documented by others (Fialová et al, 2014).…”

“…This conclusion was again corroborated by the more conservative GLM approach where a wide array of vegetative and reproductive traits were included among those with a significant association with polyploidy (Table 2). Other workers have also shown that in systems with three or more levels of ploidy studied across multiple populations, variation in vegetative and reproductive traits can be associated with ploidy (Li et al, 2010; Richardson and Hanks, 2011; Fialová et al, 2014; Laport and Ramsey, 2015; Etterson et al, 2016) even after controlling for phylogeny (Balao et al, 2011).…”

“…Within each set, a generalized linear model (GLM) analysis of variance was carried out using PROC MIXED to test the association between individual traits and ploidy. For this analysis, we used a conservative approach by building a model with population nested within ploidy and treated as a random effect (Fialová et al, 2014). We felt this method was appropriate because, with the exception of Table Top Mountain, sites were uniform for ploidy.…”

Polyploidy affects the seed, dormancy and seedling characteristics of a perennial grass, conferring an advantage in stressful climates

“…Polyploidy (often resulting from whole genome duplication), the heritable condition of possessing more than two complete sets of chromosomes (Comai ; Ramsey ), has been a key evolutionary mechanism in the diversification of flowering plants (Madlung ; Fialová et al . ). Ploidy level can vary within a species, and polyploid cytotypes often occur in climatically more variable or extreme habitats than their diploid progenitors (te Beest et al .…”