The role of polyploidy in shaping morphological diversity in natural populations of<i>Phlox amabilis</i>

Chansler, Matthew T.; Ferguson, Carolyn; Fehlberg, Shannon D.; Prather, Laurie

doi:10.3732/ajb.1600183

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Polyploidy or genome duplication, leading to possession of more than two sets of chromosomes in plant species, is known to play an important role in plant evolution and ecology (Soltis et al 2014;Ramsey and Ramsey 2014;Chansler et al 2016) and changes species' ability to thrive under harsh conditions (Maherali et al 2009;Manzaneda et al 2012;Diallo et al 2015;Zhang et al 2015;Baker et al 2017;De Baerdemaeker et al 2018). Polyploidisation is often associated with morphological changes such as development of thicker and larger leaves, increased number of leaf hairs, larger stomata and lower stomatal density, which may be related to an increased ecological tolerance to drought relative to the parental species (De Baerdemaeker et al 2018).…”

Section: Communicated By Gesslermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyploidisation is often associated with morphological changes such as development of thicker and larger leaves, increased number of leaf hairs, larger stomata and lower stomatal density, which may be related to an increased ecological tolerance to drought relative to the parental species (De Baerdemaeker et al 2018). Polyploidy can also result in changes of plant hydraulics such as an increased osmotic water potential at full turgor and modifications of the water relations and gas exchange (Li et al 1996;Maherali et al 2009;Chansler et al 2016;Baker et al 2017;De Baerdemaeker et al 2018). Polyploids are often more tolerant to water stress than their diploid relatives as observed in Betula papyrifera (Li et al 1996), Lonicera japonica (Li et al 2009), Chamerion angustifolium (Maherali et al 2009), A. senegal (Diallo et al 2015) and Malus sp.…”

Section: Communicated By Gesslermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaf morphology and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in Acacia senegal (L.) Wild trees vary with climate at the geographic origin and ploidy level

Diatta

Kjær

Diallo

et al. 2021

Trees

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Key message Leaf morphology, total leaf nitrogen (N) content and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of Acacia senegal trees vary among ploidy levels and geographic origins. Leaf morphology was significantly correlated with carbon isotope composition (δ13C) among diploid trees, while a significant correlation was observed with nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) among tetraploid trees. Abstract Leaf morphology and ploidy level can influence plants' ability to adapt to climatic conditions. Here we study Acacia senegal that has multiple ploidy levels and grows across a geographic range of mainly dry environments. We test if and how ploidy level and climate at the site of origin influence leaf shape and ratios of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of A. senegal. The study is based on leaves collected from 225 A. senegal trees representing 16 populations across the species range, grown in a common garden trial in Senegal. Leaf morphological parameters were measured, and ploidy level, total leaf nitrogen (N), carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) were determined. Three levels of ploidy were found, namely diploid, triploid and tetraploid, but at highly different frequencies among the 16 origins. Leaf morphology varied significantly among both geographic origins and ploidy levels, with especially triploid trees having distinct leaf shapes. Tetraploids displayed high δ13C and low δ15N values compared to diploids. For diploids, leaf length and number of leaflets were correlated with precipitation and latitude, respectively. Leaf morphology and isotopic discrimination in A. senegal vary according to ploidy level and geographic origin. Our analysis suggests that the differences likely reflect adaptation to different environments, but the patterns tend to differ between diploids and tetraploids.

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Section: Communicated By Gesslermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Communicated By Gesslermentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf morphology and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in Acacia senegal (L.) Wild trees vary with climate at the geographic origin and ploidy level

Diatta

Kjær

Diallo

et al. 2021

Trees

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“…Analogous to our results, the ploidy cytotypes did not show a clear pattern of morphological differentiation in a PCA based on 42 characters, suggesting an autopolyploid origin of the cytotypes, a conclusion also backed by nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data (Šingliarová et al 2011). In contrast, for other systems a much stronger effect of autopolyploidy on morphology (and anatomy) was claimed as discussed by Chansler et al (2016) for the genera Centaurea and Jacobea (both Asteraceae), Stemodia (Plantaginaceae) and Larrea (Zygophyllaceae). However, this claim should be taken with care because in the cited cases, the comparatively clear separation of the cytotypes may have other causes then nucleotypic effects per se.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the tissue level, quantitative changes like the density of stomata or hairs were reported (e.g. Sosa et al 2012; Sosa and Dematteis 2014; Chansler et al 2016), while on the organismic level polyploidization can be associated with an increase in the organ size (like flowers or leaves) or in whole individuals (e.g. Sosa et al 2012; Hodálová et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphometrics of autopolyploidy: insignificant differentiation among sexual–apomictic cytotypes

2019

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Polyploidization of the plant genome affects the phenotype of individuals including their morphology, i.e. size and form. In autopolyploids, we expect mainly nucleotypic effects, from a number of monoploid genomes (i.e. chromosome sets) or genome size, seen from an increase in size or dimension of the polyploids compared with the diploids (or lower ploids). To identify nucleotypic effects, confounding effects of hybridity (observed in allopolyploids), postpolyploidization processes or environmental effects need to be considered. We morphometrically analysed five ploidy cytotypes of the sexual–apomictic species Potentilla puberula cultivated ex situ under the same experimental conditions. Sexuals are mainly tetraploid, while higher ploidy (penta- to octoploidy) is typically associated with the expression of apomixis. The cytotypes likely arose via autopolyploidization although historic involvement of another species in the origin of apomicts cannot be fully ruled out, suggested by a slight molecular differentiation among reproductive modes. We (i) revisited molecular differentiation using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and performed a morphometric analysis to test (ii) if cytotypes are morphologically differentiated from each other and (iii) if the size of individuals is related to their ploidy. Weak molecular differentiation of sexual versus apomictic individuals was confirmed. Cytotypes and reproductive modes were also morphologically poorly differentiated from each other, i.e. apomicts largely resampled the variation of the sexuals and did not exhibit a unique morphology. Overall size of individuals increased moderately but significantly with ploidy (ca. 14 % in the comparison of octo- with tetraploids). The results support an autopolyploid origin of the P. puberula apomicts and suggest a nucleotypic effect on overall plant size. We discuss taxonomic consequences of the results in the context of data on reproductive relationships among cytotypes and their ecological preferences and evolutionary origin, and conclude that cytotypes are best treated as intraspecific variants within a single species.

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“…Phlox L. (Polemoniaceae) is a predominantly North American genus of mostly perennial herbs (Wherry 1955;Locklear 2011), and is an excellent system for studies of polyploidy and diversity (e.g., Fehlberg & Ferguson 2012a;Chansler et al 2016). A recent study by Wright et al (2016) examined polyploidy in P. nana Nutt.…”

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confidence: 99%

Polyploidy and genome size variation in Phlox nana (Polemoniaceae) from the Pecos plains of New Mexico and the Davis Mountains of West Texas

Ladner

Mayfield

Prather

et al. 2017

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas

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Polyploidy is conspicuous in the genus Phlox, and some species exhibit variation in ploidy levels, or cytotypic variation. Diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid popula-tions of P. nana occur across parts of the species distribution in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. A recent study highlighted two areas for which ploidy level inferences were challenging: a population on the Pecos Plains of New Mexico (“Caprock”) and the Davis Mountains region of West Texas. Plants in these areas were sampled and chromosome counts and flow cytometry methods were used to assess ploidy levels and genome sizes. Homoploid variation in ge-nome size was unambiguously documented: the genome size of tetraploid plants from the Davis Mountains was significantly larger than that of plants from Caprock. The general condition of larger genome sizes for plants in the Davis Mountains explains previous difficulty in determining ploidy levels within the region. Most plants at the Caprock population appeared to be tetraploid (2n=28), but chromosome counts revealed variants, including some putative pentaploids. Within the Davis Mountains region, both diploid (2n=14) and tetraploid (2n=28) cytotypes were documented, with a parapatric distribution. Overall, this study clarifies patterns of cytotypic diversity in P. nana, highlights an example of infraspecific, homoploid genome size variation, and contributes to a framework for ongoing evolutionary investigation in this study system.

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The role of polyploidy in shaping morphological diversity in natural populations ofPhlox amabilis

Abstract: Polyploidy plays a major role in shaping overall morphological diversity in natural populations of P. amabilis.

Cited by 25 publications

References 97 publications

Leaf morphology and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in Acacia senegal (L.) Wild trees vary with climate at the geographic origin and ploidy level

Leaf morphology and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in Acacia senegal (L.) Wild trees vary with climate at the geographic origin and ploidy level

The morphometrics of autopolyploidy: insignificant differentiation among sexual–apomictic cytotypes

Polyploidy and genome size variation in Phlox nana (Polemoniaceae) from the Pecos plains of New Mexico and the Davis Mountains of West Texas

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