Biology of Somatotropin in Growth and Lactation of Domestic Animals

Etherton, Terry D.; Bauman, Dale E.

doi:10.1152/physrev.1998.78.3.745

Cited by 342 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Daily administration of growth hormone (GH) to growing animals can reduce adipose tissue growth by as much as 80% (for review, see [34]). The major underlying biological mechanism is a marked decrease in glucose transport and lipogenesis in adipose tissue with relatively no change in lipolysis.…”

Section: Growth Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major underlying biological mechanism is a marked decrease in glucose transport and lipogenesis in adipose tissue with relatively no change in lipolysis. However, the reduction in fatty acid synthetase (FAS) gene expression (FAS being a key lipogenic enzyme) was of much greater magnitude than that of GLUT4 gene expression in pig adipose tissue following growth hormone treatment [30], although a 40% decrease in the GLUT4 protein was observed in some experiments [34]. It has thus been suggested that growth hormone affects the distribution of GLUT4 protein between plasma and intracellular membranes entry rate induces an increase in the hexosamine pathway, thereby increasing intracellular glucosamine content which inhibits GLUT4 translocation following insulin stimulation [67].…”

Section: Growth Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These transporters can be divided into two families: insulin-sensitive (GLUT4) and non insulinsensitive (GLUTs 1, 2, 3 and 5) glucose transporters in both monogastric (for review, see [34,40]) and ruminant mammals (for review, see [2,46]). These GLUT proteins exhibit sequence similarity but are encoded by distinct genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facilitative glucose transporters in livestock species

Hocquette

Abé

2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-The study of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT) requires carefully done immunological experiments and sensitive molecular biology approaches to identify the various mechanisms which control GLUT expression at the RNA and protein levels. The cloning of species-specific GLUT cDNAs showed that GLUT4 and GLUT1 diverge less among species than other GLUT isoforms. The key role of GLUT in glucose homeostasis has been demonstrated in livestock species. In vitro studies have suggested specific roles of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in avian cells. In vivo studies have demonstrated a regulation of GLUTs (especially of GLUT4) by nutritional and hormonal factors in pigs and cattle, in lactating cows and goats and throughout the foetal life in the placenta and tissues of lambs and calves. All these results suggest that any changes in GLUT expression and activity (such as GLUT4 in muscles) could modify nutrient partitioning and tissue metabolism, and hence, the qualities of animal products (milk, meat).glucose transporter / pig / ruminant / poultry Résumé -Les transporteurs du glucose à diffusion facilitée chez les animaux de ferme. L'étude des transporteurs du glucose à diffusion facilitée (GLUT) nécessite des techniques en immunologie ou en biologie moléculaire précises et sensibles pour étudier la régulation de leur expression au niveau ARNm ou protéique. Le clonage d'ADNc des différents GLUT a montré que GLUT4 et GLUT1 divergent moins entre espèces que les autres isoformes de GLUT. Le rôle important des GLUT dans le contrôle de l'homéostasie du glucose a été démontré chez les animaux de ferme. Des études in vitro ont suggéré un rôle spécifique de GLUT1 et de GLUT3 dans les cellules aviaires. Des études in vivo ont mis en évidence une régulation des GLUT (notamment GLUT4) par des facteurs nutritionnels ou hormonaux chez le porc et le bovin, chez la vache ou la chèvre en lactation, et tout au long de la vie foetale dans le placenta et les tissus de l'agneau ou du veau. L'ensemble de ces résultats suggère que tout changement dans l'expression et l'activité des GLUT (tel que de GLUT4 dans les muscles) peut modifier la répartition des nutriments et le métabolisme tissulaire, et affecter ainsi la qualité des produits animaux (lait, viande).transporteur du glucose / porc / ruminant / volaille Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 40 (2000) 517-533 517

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Section: Growth Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Facilitative glucose transporters in livestock species

Hocquette

Abé

2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…Sci. 68(10): 1075-1080, 2006 Growth hormone (GH) is a very important factor for livestock production [6]. GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SS) from the hypothalamus are primary factors controlling GH secretion in mammals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Melatonin Injected into the Third Ventricle on Growth Hormone Secretion in Holstein Steers

Kasuya

Kushibiki

Sutoh

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The effects of melatonin (MEL) injection into the third ventricle (3V) on growth hormone (GH) secretion were investigated in conscious Holstein steers. A stainless steel cannula was stereotaxically implanted in the 3V based on the ventriculogram. In Exp. 1, three doses of MEL (100, 300 or 600 µg) were injected into the 3V through the cannula and the GH concentration after the injection was determined. In Exp. 2, intracerebroventricular (icv) and intravenous (iv) injections of MEL (100 µg) and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH; 0.25 µg/kg body weight), respectively, were performed simultaneously to examine the effect of MEL on GHRH-induced GH release. The icv injection of MEL significantly stimulated GH release at 100 µg. The increase in GH concentrations by 100 µg of MEL was persistent. Intravenous injection of GHRH dramatically increased GH release. The injection of MEL did not alter GHRH-induced GH release. These results suggest that MEL stimulates GH secretion possibly through the hypothalamus in cattle. KEY WORDS: cattle, melatonin, somatotropic axis, stereotaxic, third ventricle.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68(10): 1075-1080, 2006 Growth hormone (GH) is a very important factor for livestock production [6]. GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SS) from the hypothalamus are primary factors controlling GH secretion in mammals. In addition to GHRH and SS, many neuromodulators have been considered to be involved in GH release regulation in many species. Although the central regulatory mechanism of GH secretion has been studied in sheep using hypophyseal portal blood sampling technique [4], such information is not well obtained in cattle.The evidences have shown the possibility that melatonin (MEL) from the pineal gland is one of those factors controlling GH secretion; however, the exact effect of MEL on GH secretion is controversial. For example, in humans it was reported that MEL induced an increase in GH levels [27,29]; however, other groups obtained no effects of MEL on GH secretion [13,31]. The intramuscular injection of MEL decreased GH secretion in prepubertal boys and the same dose of MEL increased GH level in some pubertal subjects [17]. In vitro experiments showed that MEL reduced GH secretion from rat pituitary cells [8]. These variations of the effects of MEL on GH secretion could be caused by the differences in the experimental and physiological conditions, and there might be inter-species differences regarding the role of MEL in the regulation of GH secretion.The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of MEL in the regulatory system of GH secretion in cattle. Since MEL has been reported to stimulate GH release via the hypothalamus [23,29], the technique for the direct injection of MEL into the third ventricle (3V) at three doses (100, 300 and 600 µg) was used. We also assessed whether MEL affects GHRH-induced GH release to reveal the involvement of the hypothalamus in GH secretion modulated by MEL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals:Eleven Holstein steers (7 to 8 mo old at the time of su...

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“…GH is released from the adenohypophysis through a series of physiological stimuli such as GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin, glucagon, insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2 (Etherton and Bauman 1998). At the tissue level, the pleiotropic actions of GH result from its binding to specific GH receptors (GHRs) (Wells 1996), which results in transduction of an intracellular signal (Eleswarapu et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone and receptor gene mutations in Chinese Banna miniature pig

Deng

Hao

et al. 2011

Animal Cells and Systems

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The Banna miniature pig (BNMP) is a representative miniature pig breed in China. Even though BNMP dwarfism is obvious, its underlying causative mutations remain unknown. In this study, the BNMP and Large White pig (LWP) serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels were detected by ELISA and compared. BNMP serum IGF-1 levels were significantly lower than LWP levels (P B0.05). The miniature condition may arise from mutations in the GH and GH receptor (GHR) genes. Therefore, GH and GHR cDNA from the BNMP were cloned into a pMD18-T vector by RT-PCR using the total RNA obtained from the BNMP's pituitary and liver tissues. Sequencing results indicated that the open reading frame of the BNMP GH gene is composed of a 26-residue signal peptide and a 191-residue mature peptide. The coding sequence of the BNMP GHR gene contained 639 amino acids, including a signal peptide that is 18 amino acids long. Two amino acid substitutions, A09V and R22Q, were found in the signal peptide of the GH gene. Additionally, the S104P mutation was found in the BNMP's mature GH protein. Four mutations in the cytoplasmic domain of GHR may influence the downstream signal transduction of GHR, which needs further experimental evidence.

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Biology of Somatotropin in Growth and Lactation of Domestic Animals

Cited by 342 publications

References 157 publications

Facilitative glucose transporters in livestock species

Facilitative glucose transporters in livestock species

Effect of Melatonin Injected into the Third Ventricle on Growth Hormone Secretion in Holstein Steers

Growth hormone and receptor gene mutations in Chinese Banna miniature pig

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