Biology and Principles of Scar Management and Burn Reconstruction

Erbium-YAG laser therapy – analysis of more than 1,200 treatments

“…Ablative laser therapy can serve as adjuvant procedure [21,22]. Atrophic scars improve after several sessions with the erbium-YAG laser.…”

Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Burn Wound Healing and Scarring

“…1 In clinical studies, the size of burn injury correlated with the level of circulating DAMPs (e.g., decorin and cell-free nucleic acids) and cytokines. In addition, early (2 weeks postburn) serum levels of decorin, a TLR2 and TLR4 ligand, were a factor (along with early interleukin [IL]-1b and late transforming growth factor [TGF]-b) that was suggested to predict hypertrophic scar.…”

“…The DAMPs that activate TLRs and other patternrecognition receptors can be categorized into: (1) proteins secreted through a nonclassical secretion mechanism involving secretory lysosomes-for example, high mobility group box (HMGB)1 and galectin-3; (2) molecules released by necrotic cellsfor example, S100 proteins, HMGB1, IL-1a, galectin-3, HSP60, HSP70, HSP72, histones, and nucleic acids; and (3) extracellular matrix molecules-for example, hyaluronan, heparin sulfate, fibronectin, and degraded matrix constituents. Numerous DAMPs have been identified.…”

Adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction in the treatment of full thickness burns in rats

“…While the outcomes in burn wound injury treatments increased significantly in the last decades, as a result of developments in surgical, nursing and rehabilitation procedures, severe functional and cosmetic limitations are still highly prevalent in burn patient populations 6 . The development of interventions to reduce hypertrophic scarring, promote morphological reconstruction and functional recovery are necessary in order to achieve better results 7 .…”