Biology and genetics of a laboratory strain of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), highly resistant to spinosad

Wyss, C. F.; Young, Hugh P.; Shukla, Jyoti; Roe, R. Michael

doi:10.1016/s0261-2194(02)00153-9

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…These findings point towards target-site alteration as a primary mechanism which, if confirmed and resolved, could provide valuable information on interactions between spinosad and nAChRs. There are also implications of fitness costs associated with some cases of spinosad resistance, leading to rapid restoration of susceptibility in the absence of insecticide selection (Wyss et al 2003;Zhao et al 2006). We are unaware of any confirmed cases of a mechanism of spinosad resistance conferring cross-resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides.…”

Section: Resistance To Spinosadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive monitoring of samples of P. xylostella from the United States and Mexico disclosed resistance levels of 10,000-fold or more in some collections from Hawaii and the continental USA (Zhao et al 2006). Fourteen generations of selection with spinosad in the laboratory led to approximately 1,000-fold resistance in the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Wyss et al 2003;. Lower but potentially economically damaging resistance was documented in monitoring programmes involving beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua and cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Moulton et al 2000;Gunning 2002).…”

Section: Resistance To Spinosadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The causes of resistance to spinosad have yet to be investigated in detail. From genetic crosses, strong resistance in H. virescens was found to be inherited autosomally, being probably monogenic and largely recessive in expression (Wyss et al 2003). Synergists capable of inhibiting major detoxifying enzymes failed to suppress resistance when co-applied with spinosad against S. exigua (Moulton et al 2000).…”

Section: Resistance To Spinosadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: targets for commercially important insecticides

2007

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are major excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In insects, nAChRs are the target site for several naturally occurring and synthetic compounds that exhibit potent insecticidal activity. Several compounds isolated from plants are potent agonists or antagonists of nAChRs, suggesting that these may have evolved as a defence mechanism against insects and other herbivores. Nicotine, isolated from the tobacco plant, has insecticidal activity and has been used extensively as a commercial insecticide. Spinosad, a naturally occurring mixture of two macrocyclic lactones isolated from the microorganism Saccharopolyspora spinosa, acts upon nAChRs and has been developed as a commercial insecticide. Since the early 1990s, one of the most widely used and rapidly growing classes of insecticides has been the neonicotinoids. Neonicotinoid insecticides are potent selective agonists of insect nAChRs and are used extensively in both crop protection and animal health applications. As with other classes of insecticides, there is growing evidence for the evolution of resistance to insecticides that act on nAChRs.

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Section: Resistance To Spinosadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistance To Spinosadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistance To Spinosadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: targets for commercially important insecticides

2007

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“…The expected mortality, Y(x), for the backcross progeny at concentration x is calculated as Y(x) ϭ 0.50 (WRS ϩ WRR), where WRS and WRR are the mortality values of the presumed RS (F 1 ) and RR (resistant parental line, Vip-Sel) genotypes at concentration x, respectively (59,60). The 2 test for goodness of fit between the backcross and expected mortality was calculated as described by Sokal and Rohlf (61) as 2 ϭ (F 1 -pn) 2 /pqn, where F 1 is the observed number of dead larvae in the backcross generation at concentration x, p is the expected proportion of dead larvae calculated as Y(x), n is the number of backcross progeny exposed to concentration x, and q ϭ 1 -p. The 2 value is compared with the 2 distribution with 1 degree of freedom, and if P is Ͻ0.05, the null hypothesis of monogenic resistance is rejected (59,60). The genetic variation within Vip-Unsel, Vip-Sel, F 1 reciprocal crosses, backcrosses, and F 2 crosses was determined using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test for significant variation in mortality among families produced by the single-pair crosses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa Toxin Resistance in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Pickett

Gulzar

Ferré

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Laboratory selection with Vip3Aa of a field-derived population of Heliothis virescens produced Ͼ2,040-fold resistance in 12 generations of selection. The Vip3Aa-selected (Vip-Sel)-resistant population showed little cross-resistance to Cry1Ab and no cross-resistance to Cry1Ac. Resistance was unstable after 15 generations without exposure to the toxin. F 1 reciprocal crosses between Vip3Aa-unselected (Vip-Unsel) and Vip-Sel insects indicated a strong paternal influence on the inheritance of resistance. Resistance ranged from almost completely recessive (mean degree of dominance [h] ϭ 0.04 if the resistant parent was female) to incompletely dominant (mean h ϭ 0.53 if the resistant parent was male). Results from bioassays on the offspring from backcrosses of the F 1 progeny with Vip-Sel insects indicated that resistance was due to more than one locus. The results described in this article provide useful information for the insecticide resistance management strategies designed to overcome the evolution of resistance to Vip3Aa in insect pests.IMPORTANCE Heliothis virescens is an important pest that has the ability to feed on many plant species. The extensive use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops or spray has already led to the evolution of insect resistance in the field for some species of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. The development of resistance in insect pests is the main threat to Bt crops. The effective resistance management strategies are very important to prolong the life of Bt plants. Lab selection is the key step to test the assumption and predictions of management strategies prior to field evaluation. Resistant insects offer useful information to determine the inheritance of resistance and the frequency of resistance alleles and to study the mechanism of resistance to insecticides.

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“…46) Resistance was incompletely recessive. 47) A strain of Plutella xylostella was collected in Hawaii and selected with spinosad which produced a strain that was 18,600-fold resistant (leaf dip bioassay). Spinosad resistance could not be overcome by insecticide synergists, leading to the conclusion that metabolism mediated detoxification was probably not responsible for the resistance.…”

Section: Characterization Of Spinosad Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the mystery of spinosad resistance in insects

Scott

2008

J. Pestic. Sci.

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SpinosadSpinosad (a mixture of spinosyns A and D, Fig. 1) is a new and highly promising insecticide, derived from the bacteria Saccharopolyspora spinosa, with efficacy against a wide range of insects. [1][2][3][4][5] The mechanism of action of spinosad appears to be unique, with a primary site of attack being the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and a secondary site of attack being g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Spinosad is thought to exert its toxicity primarily by activating a nAChR (nAChN subtype). 9) Studies showing that deletion of the Da6 nAChR results in strains of Drosophila melanogaster that are highly resistant to spinosad 12) confirms the importance of nAChRs in spinosad toxicity. This unique mechanism(s) of action suggests that resistance due to changes in the target sites of other major insecticides (i.e. acetylcholinesterase and voltage sensitive sodium channel) would not result in cross-resistance to spinosad. This appears true for house flies and the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) where only modest levels of cross-resistance to spinosad have been observed in laboratory strains and in field collected populations. [13][14][15][16][17] However, strains of Bactrocera dorsalis selected for resistance to organophosphates, carbamates or pyrethroids mechanisms unknown were up to 1000-fold cross-resistant to spinosad. 15) Nicotinic Acetylcholine ReceptorsNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) belong to the Cysloop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that include gaminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated channels, glycine receptors, glutamate-gated Cl Ϫ channels and 5-hydroxytryptamine type Spinosad is a new and highly promising insecticide, derived from the bacteria Saccharopolyspora spinosa, with efficacy against a wide range of insects. The mechanism of action of spinosad appears to be unique, with a primary site of attack being the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and a secondary site of attack being gaminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. Neural nAChRs are composed of five subunits, with a minimum of 2 as. Each subunit possesses a large N-terminal extracellular domain that includes the acetylcholine (ACh) binding site and four transmembrane domains (M1-4) with M2 contributing most of the amino acids that line the ion channel. Spinosad resistance has been selected for and characterized in several insect species. Generally, resistance is monofactorial, recessive and cannot be overcome by insecticide synergists. Spinosad resistance in the house fly maps to chromosome 1 and three nAChR subunit genes (a5, a6, and b3) are predicted to exist on chromosome 1 based on Drosophila/Musca homology maps. However, cloning and sequencing of Mda5, Mda6, and Mdb3 from susceptible and spinosad resistant strains of house fly found no differences that could be associated with resistance. Unraveling the mystery of spinosad resistance in house flies will require further study. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan

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Biology and genetics of a laboratory strain of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), highly resistant to spinosad

Cited by 56 publications

References 9 publications

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: targets for commercially important insecticides

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: targets for commercially important insecticides

Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa Toxin Resistance in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Unraveling the mystery of spinosad resistance in insects

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