Biology and Diseases of Rats

Kohn, Dennis F.; Clifford, Charles B.

doi:10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50007-7

Cited by 82 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 142 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although these results suggest that malanga and purslane leaves were as effective as ß-carotene in blocking lipid peroxidation in this model, we cannot be certain that the ß-carotene in these vegetable greens was the only substance responsible for this antioxidant property, since these leaves contain a variety of carotenoids, such as neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, ß-cryptoxanthin, ·-carotene and other antioxidant compounds. The vitamin C content of leaves could be the molecule responsible for the antioxidant effect found in this study, however, because rats efficiently synthesize this vitamin [25] and because of the low vitamin C content of the diets due to the heating process of leaves, this hypothesis is less probable. Considering that all diets already had the vitamin E recommendation, including the deficient diet, and that the malanga and purslane leaves are poor sources of vitamin E (up to 4% of vitamin E recommended amount for rats), the antioxidant effect observed in MD and PD groups might not be also attributed to vitamin E.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Malanga (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Leaves Reduce Oxidative Stress in Vitamin A-Deficient Rats

Arruda

Siqueira

Souza³

2004

Ann Nutr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: This study examined the ability of tropical vegetables to reduce oxidative stress induced by vitamin A deficiency. Methods: Vitamin A-deficient male Wistar rats were divided into four groups which were treated for 30 days with different diets: AIN-93G vitamin A-deficient diet (DD), DD supplemented with pure β-carotene (β-D) and DD supplemented with malanga (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) (MD) or purslane (Portulaca oleracea) (PD) leaves as the only source of vitamin A. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined in the heart and liver. Results: The rats fed β-D, MDand PD showed liver and heart TBARS concentrations lower than did DD rats. The liver GSH concentration of β-D, MD and PD rats was lower compared to DD rats. The heart GSSG concentration of the vegetable groups was significantly lower than in DD rats. Liver and heart catalase activities were not significantly different among the groups, nor was heart glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, however the β-D rats showed the highest liver GPX activity. There was no difference in liver glutathione-S-transferase level among the groups, while heart activity was higher in rats fed the vegetable leaves. Conclusion: This study evidences that the ingestion of purslane or malanga leaves may have a protective effect against oxidative stress caused by vitamin A deficiency.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Malanga (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Leaves Reduce Oxidative Stress in Vitamin A-Deficient Rats

Arruda

Siqueira

Souza³

2004

Ann Nutr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…n: number of papers included in literature review Although more studies involving laboratory rats were included in this survey, compared with studies involving laboratory mice (Table 1), this does not reflect the actual use of laboratory rodents as more mice than rats are used in scientific procedures in the UK 9 and worldwide. 10 Because of their size, rats may be preferable to mice for certain surgical procedures 11 and our search strategy may also have resulted in the inclusion of more rat studies compared with mouse studies, because of the large proportion of murine studies that involve the production of genetically-altered animals. In 2006, 47% of all mice used in scientific procedures in Great Britain were genetically modified.…”

Section: Anaesthetic Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reported analgesic and anaesthetic administration to rodents undergoing experimental surgical procedures

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A structured literature review was carried out to assess recent trends in the administration of analgesics and anaesthetics to laboratory rats and mice undergoing surgical procedures. The ScienceDirect database was used to systematically identify studies published in peer-reviewed journals over two periods (2000-2001 and 2005-2006), 86 studies from each time period were included in the review. The total number of animals that underwent surgery, species used, type of procedure, anaesthetic regimen and analgesic administration were noted for each study. There was an increase in the reported administration of systemic analgesics from 10% in 2000-2001 to 20% in 2005-2006. Buprenorphine was the most commonly reported analgesic in both periods (2000-2001: 78%, 2005-2006: 35%) and reporting the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increased from 11% to 53%. There was also a change in reported anaesthetic practices, notably a decrease in the use of pentobarbital and an increase in the use of isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine. Although reported administration of analgesics has increased and there has been some refinement in the selection of anaesthetic agents used, the findings of this review suggest that there is still significant scope for improvement with respect to the perioperative care of laboratory rodents.

show abstract

“…rats open their eyes within 14 to 17 days of age [5]. although they are typically weaned at 20-21 days of age, they may be weaned successfully as early as 17 days [2]. Thus, it is reasonable to say that open eyes is a good indicator of having been weaned.…”

Section: Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yoso-Tama-No-Kakehashi; The First Japanese Guidebook on Raising Rats

Kuramoto

2011

Exp. Anim.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the 18th century, raising the "nezumi" rodent became so prevalent in Japan that two guidebooks were published on the topic. The first guidebook was entitled Yosotama-no-kakehashi (1775) and the second was entitled Chinganso-date-gusa (1787). It remains unclear in these texts whether the term nezumi was used to refer to the rat (Rattus norvegicus) or the mouse (Mus musculus). In this review, I explore Yoso-tama-no-kakehashi (English translation: A bridge to obtaining novel jewel-like nezumi). It was written by the owner of "Shunpo-do" and comprises two volumes; the first is 34 pages in length and the second is 14 pages. It introduces the nezumi and then provides details on novel varieties and the methods that were used to raise them. The nezumi dwells in peoples' homes. It is noteworthy that the "norako" species is classified in the same group as the nezumi. The norako is smaller than the nezumi. Its alias is "hatsuka-nezumi", a term which is still used in Japan today when referring to the mouse. This indicates that when the guidebook was written people distinguished the rat from the mouse by identifying the rat using the word nezumi and the mouse using the word norako. Moreover, I recently confirmed that the rat varieties which are introduced in Yoso-tama-no-kakehashi, such as "white", "spotted", "black bear-like", "deer-spotted", and "cracked-mark", can be found in modern laboratory rats. Taken together, it is very likely that the term nezumi is used to refer to the rat in Yoso-tama-nokakehashi and that this was indeed a guidebook on the rat.

show abstract

Biology and Diseases of Rats

Cited by 82 publications

References 142 publications

Malanga<i> (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)</i> and Purslane <i>(Portulaca oleracea)</i> Leaves Reduce Oxidative Stress in Vitamin A-Deficient Rats

Malanga<i> (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)</i> and Purslane <i>(Portulaca oleracea)</i> Leaves Reduce Oxidative Stress in Vitamin A-Deficient Rats

Reported analgesic and anaesthetic administration to rodents undergoing experimental surgical procedures

Yoso-Tama-No-Kakehashi; The First Japanese Guidebook on Raising Rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About