Biologically inspired synthesis of bone‐like composite: Self‐assembled collagen fibers/hydroxyapatite nanocrystals

Abstract

Replacement of bone tissue by graft materials and products of tissue engineering having composition, structure, and biological features that mimic natural tissue is a goal to be pursued. A biomimetic synthesis was performed to prepare new bone-like composites constituted of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and self-assembled type I collagen fibers. We used a biological inspired approach that proved that the biological systems stored and processed information at the molecular level. Two different methodologies were used: dispersion of synthetic hydroxyapatite in telopeptides free collagen molecules solution and direct nucleation of hydroxyapatite into reconstituted collagen fibers during their assembling. The different preparation techniques were experimented then the composites thoroughly characterized and compared. Composite obtained by direct nucleation showed an intimated interaction of the inorganic and proteic components, which modified the apatitic phase and made its composition, morphology and structure similar to the mineral component of natural bone.

Calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials

“…Although to date, neither the elegance of the biomineral assembly mechanisms nor the intricate composite nano-architectures have been duplicated by non-biological methods, the best way to mimic bone is to copy the way it is formed, namely by nucleation and growth of CDHA nanocrystals from a supersaturated solution both onto and within the collagen fibrils [591][592][593]. Such syntheses were denoted as ''biologically inspired'' which means they reproduce an ordered pattern and an environment very similar to natural ones [594][595][596]. The biologically inspired biocomposites of collagen and calcium orthophosphates (mainly, apatites) for bone substitute have a long history [29,364,499,[597][598][599][600][601][602][603][604][605][606][607][608][609][610][611][612][613][614][615] and started from the pioneering study by Mittelmeier and Nizard [616], who mixed calcium orthophosphate granules with a collagen web.…”

Bioinspired Synthesis of Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials Mediated by Biomolecules

“…In another study, two different bioinspired methods were used to fabricate HAp on collagen templates: dispersion of synthetic HAp in a solution of telopeptide-free collagen molecules and direct nucleation of HAp into reconstituted collagen fibers during their assembly. Composite materials obtained by direct nucleation showed similar composition, morphology, and structure to natural bone, and also indicated an intimated interaction between the inorganic phase and protein components (Tampieri et al 2003). This proved the template function of the collagen during the bone formation.…”

Electrospun fibrous scaffolds combined with nanoscale hydroxyapatite induce osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells

“…In order to mimic bone structure and composition, researchers have prepared COL/HA bone analog composites using a variety of conventional methods, including direct mineralization and chemical precipitation. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38] In the present study, we used the technique of electrospinning to prepare a nanostructured fibrous composite to mimic …”