Biologically active derivatives of fullerene C60. Current state and development prospects

Abstract

The article presents literature review on the physicochemical and biological properties of fullerene C60, as well as the authors' own experimental data on the synthesis of fullerene derivatives of amines and natural alkaloids. It is shown that the presence of a fullerene fragment in the structure of the compound provides a significant improvement or the appearance of qualitatively new mechanical, chemical, physical, biological and other properties associated with the manifestation of nanoscale factors. The issues of the relationship of the structure, water solubility and biological activity of fullerene С60 derivatives are considered. Many biologically active effects of various modified derivatives of fullerene C60 are described, which have membrane-active, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulating, HIV inhibitory enzymes and other properties. It was noted that preparations containing a fullerene fragment are effective against hepatitis C virus, and are also able to efficiently trap free radicals. Derivatives of fullerenes can also be used as antioxidant, neuroprotective and other agents. Particular attention is paid to the authors' own results on the synthesis of amino derivatives of fullerenes.

Efficiency of Combined Use of Fullerene C60 and Bovine Serum Albumin for Rehabilitation of Vitrified Fragments of Rat Immature Seminiferous Tubules

“…They have different mechanisms of action. Whereas classical antioxidants are reducing agents that are consumed during the reaction, fullerenes are catalysts for recombination and the mutual destruction of free radicals and are not consumed at all [7,8].…”

“…A distinctive feature of fullerenes and most of their derivatives is low toxicity and the ability to be excreted from the body at an acceptable rate. It should also be noted that due to their geometry and electronic structure, fullerenes are able to form compounds containing various pharmacophore groups, can easily pass into an excited state under the influence of various physical and chemical factors and enclose metal atoms inside their carbon sphere [7]. C60 can also penetrate through biological membranes, conduct protons, and interact with free radicals; these abilities are likely responsible for its protective effect.…”