Biological wastewater treatment technology: Advancements and drawbacks

Progress in the Sustainable Development of Biobased (Nano)materials for Application in Water Treatment Technologies

“…While biowaste-based nanomaterials present a promising avenue for sustainable wastewater treatment, they are not without their disadvantages . Environmental concerns top the list, as the long-term impacts of these nanomaterials are still largely unknown, raising questions about their potential toxicity to aquatic life and broader ecosystems. , The challenges extend to the recovery and recycling of these materials after treatment, which can be both complex and costly, potentially offsetting their initial cost-effectiveness. Scalability is another critical issue, as producing these nanomaterials in quantities sufficient for industrial applications may face hurdles related to feedstock variability and the need for specialized processing equipment .…”