Biological sulphate reduction

Nicholas, D. J. D.

doi:10.1007/bf00201913

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The Cys source in plants and microbes is typically not from disulfide reduction, but rather is generated by de novo synthesis using sulfide. With the nominal exception of the use of environmental sulfide for Cys biosynthesis by some chemolithotrophs (see above), this sulfide, in turn, is generated by NADPH-dependent reduction of inorganic sulfate or sulfite [131, 132]. Thus, the acquisition of disulfide reducing power in TrxR1/Gsr-null livers is NADPH-independent within the hepatocytes, themselves, and cannot likely be supplied by NADPH-dependent reductions within other cell types of these mice.…”

Section: Is the Met-driven Cytosolic Disulfide Reductase System Trulymentioning

confidence: 99%

NADPH-dependent and -independent disulfide reductase systems

Miller

Holmgren

Arnér

et al. 2018

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Summary Over the past seven decades, research on autotrophic and heterotrophic model organisms has defined how the flow of electrons (“reducing power”) from high-energy inorganic sources, through biological systems, to low-energy inorganic products like water, powers all of Life’s processes. Universally, an initial major biological recipient of these electrons is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-phosphate, which thereby transits from an oxidized state (NADP+) to a reduced state (NADPH). A portion of this reducing power is then distributed via the cellular NADPH-dependent disulfide reductase systems as sequential reductions of disulfide bonds. Along the disulfide reduction pathways, some enzymes have active sites that use the selenium-containing amino acid, selenocysteine, in place of the common but less reactive sulfur-containing cysteine. In particular, the mammalian/metazoan thioredoxin systems are usually selenium-dependent as, across metazoan phyla, most thioredoxin reductases are selenoproteins. Among the roles of the NADPH-dependent disulfide reductase systems, the most universal is that they provide the reducing power for the production of DNA precursors by ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). Some studies, however, have uncovered examples of NADPH-independent disulfide reductase systems that can also support RNR. These systems are summarized here and their implications are discussed.

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Section: Is the Met-driven Cytosolic Disulfide Reductase System Trulymentioning

confidence: 99%