Chemical Diagenesis in Sediments

Price, N.B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-588606-2.50011-4

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Of their possible explanations, in situ sediment resuspension has already been discounted and dissolution of carbonates is invalidated by their general absence from Windermere (Mackereth 1966), again leaving organic matter decomposition and year-to-year variation as possible causes. The greater trap : sediment ratio for N compared to C may be explained by the preferential loss of N during organic matter degradation as a result of the rapid destruction of proteinaceous material (Price 1976).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depositional fluxes of metals and phytoplankton in Windermere as measured by sediment traps1

Hamilton−Taylor

Willis

Reynolds

1984

Limnology & Oceanography

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Monthly sediment trap samples collected from a deep water station (42 m) in Windermere for a period of 1 year were analyzed for 0.5 M HCl extractable and total Fe, Mn, Al, Pb, Cu, Zn, total C, N, and total solids. Concomitant algal counts showed the year to be fairly typical in terms of the known sequence of phytoplankton.The annual depositional fluxes are compared with previously determined values based on sediment studies. The ratio of the annual trap to sediment flux for Al (5 1) indicates the absence of local sediment resuspension. The ratios for Fe, Pb, and Zn (1.1, 1.4, and 1.5, but not significantly > 1) suggest some possible biogeochemical cycling at the sediment-water interface. The deposition of Fe, Al, and Pb is predominantly associated with detrital material and occurs mainly during winter. The behavior of Zn is largely independent of other variables examined. The ratios for C (1.8), total solids (2.2), N (3.2), Mn (8.6), and Cu (9.5) are all significantly > 1. The C and N values are thought to reflect the microbial breakdown of organic matter at the sediment surface and more particularly the preferential degradation of proteinaceous (i.e. N rich) material. The major influence on the deposition and recycling of Mn is its well known redox cycle involving oxidative precipitation and reductive remobilization.Cu undergoes an independent deposition-remobilization cycle, probably related to uptake by diatoms and their rapid microbial decomposition after sedimentation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depositional fluxes of metals and phytoplankton in Windermere as measured by sediment traps1

Hamilton−Taylor

Willis

Reynolds

1984

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Under more alkaline conditions, phosphate is more mobile than iron, and thus tends to be enriched in more reduced sediments (Price, 1976).…”

Section: Phosphorousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentological and Geochemical Characteristics of Leg 129 Siliceous Deposits

Karl¹,

Wandless²,

Karpoff³

1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Siliceous deposits drilled on Ocean Drilling Program Leg 129 accumulated within a few degrees of the equator during the Jurassic through early Tertiary, as constrained by paleomagnetic data. During the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, radiolarian ooze, mixed with a minor amount of pelagic clay, was deposited near the equator, and overall accumulation rates were moderate to low. At a smaller scale, in more detail, periods of relatively higher accumulation rates alternated with periods of very low accumulation rates. Higher rates are represented by radiolarite and limestone; lower rates are represented by radiolarian claystone. Our limited data from Leg 129 suggests that accumulation of biogenic deposits was not symmetrical about the equator or consistent over time. In the Jurassic, sedimentation was siliceous; in the Cretaceous there was significant calcareous deposition; in the Tertiary claystone indicates significantly lower accumulation rates at least the northern part of the equatorial zone. Accumulation rates for Leg 129 deposits in the Cretaceous were higher in the southern part of the equatorial zone than in the northern part, and the southern side of this high productivity zone extended to approximately 15°S, while the northern side extended only to about 5°N.Accumulation rates are influenced by relative contributions from various sediment sources. Several elements and element ratios are useful for discriminating sedimentary sources for the equatorial depositional environments. Silica partitioning calculations indicate that silica is dominantly of biogenic origin, with a detrital component in the volcaniclastic turbidite units, and a small hydrothermal component in the basal sediments on spreading ridge basement of Jurassic age at Site 801. Iron in Leg 129 sediments is dominantly of detrital origin, highest in the volcaniclastic units, with a minor hydrothermal component in the basal sediments at Site 801. Manganese concentrations are highest in the units with the lowest accumulation rates. Fe/Mn ratios are >3 in all units, indicating negligible hydrothermal influence. Magnesium and aluminum concentrations are highest in the volcaniclastic units and in the basal sediments at Site 801. Phosphorous is very low in abundance and may be detrital, derived from fish parts. Boron is virtually absent, as is typical of deep-water deposits. Rare earth element concentrations are slightly higher in the volcaniclastic deposits, suggesting a detrital source, and lower in the rest of the lithologic units. Rare earth element abundances are also low relative to "average shale." Rare earth element patterns indicate all samples are light rare earth element enriched. Siliceous deposits in the volcaniclastic units have patterns which lack a cerium anomaly, suggesting some input of rare earth elements from a detrital source; most other units have a distinct negative Ce anomaly similar to seawater, suggesting a seawater source, through adsorption either onto biogenic tests or incorporation into authigenic minerals for Ce i...

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“…Sulfur exists as sulfate ion form in seawater. A part of S in marine sediments forms sulfide salts but it is mainly made by bacterial reduction of sulfate, only under anoxic environments (Price, 1976). Signifi cant amount of S in marine sediments is sulfate.…”

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“…For S, the variation in S of subducted marine sediment is explained by F2 interpretation. According to Price (1976), unlike most minor elements, I and Br are exclusively contained in sediment organic matter. These ele ments are lost during burial of sediments and are relatively diluted in deep sea sediments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multivariate analysis of Japanese volcanic rocks: Volatile and major elements.

Anazawa

Yoshida

1996

Geochem. J.

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Tokyo152, JapanFour types of multivariate procedures (principal components analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA), cluster analysis and multiple regression analysis (MR)) were applied to find the relationship between volatile contents and genesis of Japanese volcanic rocks. Twelve major elements and seven volatile minor elements were considered on 44 rock samples obtained from various areas of Japan. The variation in the data was demonstrated by 5 components and 5 common factors in PCA and FA, respectively. The first factor implies similar behavior among the major elements; the second factor represents the contribution of seawater to magma genesis; the third factor corresponds to the contribution of the mantle component; the fourth factor suggests separation of sulfide phase from silicate phase; and the fifth factor shows the contribution of sedimentary materials to magma genesis. INTRODUCTION A knowledge of the volatile behavior in vol canic rocks is of great value for understanding magma genesis in subduction zones. However, little work on volatile contents in volcanic rocks has been done because of the difficulty in the analytical technique and the difficulty in estimat ing the original concentration in magmas. Yoshida and his co-workers gave analytical data on F, Cl, Br, I (Yoshida et al., 1971; Yoshida, unpub lished), S (Arikawa, 1987;Hong, 1988) and B (Isozaki et al., 1973). These works were investi gated on respective element individually or were applied elementary statistics on only two or three elements simultaneously. Further work on the synthetic correlation structure among these ele ments was awaited. In the previous work, we studied the multivariate analysis on these six ele ments to understand their behaviors and found the usefulness of the method (Anazawa and Yoshida, 1994).Multivariate analysis allows us to consider changes in several properties simultaneously and is not affected by the number of objects being studied. This group of statistical methods is very powerful, but only limited examples on geo chemical data have been reported, because of its complicated theoretical strategy and operational methodology.In the previous report, we examined six volatiles and found that these elements form three groups by their correlation: (1) Cl, Br and B; (2) F and S; (3) I (iodine). The obtained factor struc ture, however, contained the possibility of chang ing the characteristics with additional variables for lacking of data such as major element concentra tions. (personal communication, 1991) in our research group determined arsenic for 50 Japanese volcanic rocks. He, however, could not find the correlation between As and S. Instead, he suggested a high correlation between As and B. Because of this considerable interest in As properties, we took As analytical data for the application of statistical analysis.In the present report, we describe new findings from multivariate analysis on 44 samples for 12 major and 7 volatile minor elements. The purpose of the present work is, (1) to find the factor str...

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Chemical Diagenesis in Sediments

Cited by 49 publications

References 136 publications

Depositional fluxes of metals and phytoplankton in Windermere as measured by sediment traps1

Depositional fluxes of metals and phytoplankton in Windermere as measured by sediment traps1

Sedimentological and Geochemical Characteristics of Leg 129 Siliceous Deposits

Multivariate analysis of Japanese volcanic rocks: Volatile and major elements.

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