Biological responses of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to contaminated sediments

Unravelling the mechanisms of mercury hepatotoxicity in wild fish (Liza aurata) through a triad approach: bioaccumulation, metabolomic profiles and oxidative stress

“…1 In this context, fish have attracted particular attention due to their major ecological role in aquatic food webs as carriers of energy from lower to higher trophic levels. 2,3,[10][11][12] Despite the attention devoted to these issues by aquatic toxicologists, the clarification of the mechanisms of Hg toxicity in fish is still challenging. [5][6][7][8] The main advantages of using fish include their ability to metabolize, accumulate and concentrate Hg.…”

Developmental abnormalities and neurotoxicological effects of CuO NPs on the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula by embryotoxicity assay

“…In sea urchin larvae the process of neurogenesis is similar to that of chordates , although they possess the serotonergic and peptidergic systems in addition to the cholinergic nervous system. Serotonin is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in invertebrates (Cappello et al, , 2015Carroll and Catapane, 2007;Ciacci et al, 2012) and lower vertebrates (De Domenico et al, 2013;Fasulo et al, 2010bFasulo et al, , 2012Mauceri et al, 2005), and plays a similar role in echinoplutei (Gustafson et al, 1972). Serotonin is required during the early development of sea urchins since it regulates morphology and swimming function , and it is also responsible for growth and projection of serotonergic neurons (Bishop et al, 2013;Rubenstein, 1998;Yaguchi et al, 2006).…”

“…In embryos, AChE level increases during gastrulation and post-gastrulation, as it is probably involved in the neuronal differentiation (Akasaka et al, 1986;Ohta et al, 2009). AChE is known to be an essential enzyme for cholinergic neurotransmission in both vertebrates and invertebrates, including sea urchin, and its measurement is used as biomarkers of neurotoxicity in several environmental studies (Cappello et al, 2015;D'Agata et al, 2014b;De Domenico et al, 2013;Fasulo et al, 2010a;Matozzo et al, 2005). The enzymatic analysis of AChE activity performed in this study on pluteus stages showed a slight inhibition at NP exposures lower than 7 ppb in respect to negative control, and a drastic decrease at the higher concentrations and in the positive control.…”

Responses of marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) after infection with the pathogen Vibrio splendidus

“…In molluscs, cell proliferation and apoptotic mechanisms are well documented, both activated by ligand-receptor interaction and cytoplasmic signals. The nuclear antigen of cell proliferation (PCNA) is a protein involved in DNA replication, and plays a key role in the regulation of cell cycle and check-point control (De Domenico et al, 2013;Fasulo et al, 2012;Johnson and O'Donnell, 2005;Kelman, 1997). On the contrary, caspases, a family of proteases described also in bivalves (Sokolova et al, 2004;Sokolova, 2009), are involved in the activation and implementation of the apoptotic programme.…”