Biological response to iron fertilization in the eastern equatorial Pacific (IronEx II). III. Dynamics of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing

Landry,; Constantinou, John; Latasa, Mikel; Brown, S. L.; Bidigare, R. R.; Ondrusek, Michael

doi:10.3354/meps201057

Cited by 197 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…During IronEx-2, SOIREE, EisenEx, SEEDS-1, SOFeX-S, 30 SERIES, and EIFEX, the dominant phytoplankton community tended to shift from pico-and nano-plankton to microplankton, resulting in diatom-dominated phytoplankton blooming, a key component for biological pump enhancement (Landry et al, 2000;Boyd and Law, 2001;Gervais et al, 2002;Coale et al, 2004;Boyd et al, 2005;Hoffmann et al, 2006;Harvey et al, 2010). However, there were no observations on taxonomic shift toward diatomdominated phytoplankton communities in other OIF experiments (Coale et al, 1998;Coale et al, 2004;Rees et al, 2007;35 Tsuda et al, 2007;Peloquin et al, 2011;Martin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Biogeochemical Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average initial OIF chlorophyll-a concentration was 0.43 ± 0.27 mg m -3 . Prior to the OIF experiments, except in SEEDS-1, SOFeX-S, and EIFEX where the diatoms were dominated by micro-plankton (20-200 µm), phytoplankton communities were dominated by pico-plankton (0.2-2.0 µm) and nano-plankton (2.0-20 µm) (Coale et al, 1998;Landry et al, 2000;35 Boyd and Law, 2001;Gervais et al, 2002;Coale et al, 2004;Boyd et al, 2005;Hoffmann et al, 2006;Harvey et al, 2010;Tsuda et al, 2007;Martin et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ocean Iron Fertilization Experiments: Past–Present–Future with Introduction to Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean (KIFES) Project

Yoon

Yoo

Macdonald³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Abstract. Since the start of the industrial revolution, human activities have caused a rapid increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, which have in turn been cited as the cause of a variety climate changes such as global warming and ocean acidification. Various approaches have been proposed to reduce atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. The 'Martin (or Iron) Hypothesis' suggests that ocean iron fertilization (OIF) should be an efficient method for stimulating the biological pump in iron-limited high nutrient-low chlorophyll regions. To test the Martin hypothesis, a total 13 OIF experiments have been 20 performed since 1990 in the Southern Ocean (7 times), in the subarctic Pacific (3 times), in the equatorial Pacific (twice), and in the subtropical Atlantic (once). These OIF field experiments demonstrated that primary production could be significantly increased after artificial iron addition. However, export production efficiency revealed by the OIF experiments was unexpectedly low compared to production from natural processes in all, except one of the experiments (i.e., the Southern Ocean European Iron Fertilization Experiment, EIFEX). These results, including side effects such as N 2 O production and 25 hypoxia development, have been scientifically debated amongst those who support and oppose OIF experimentation. In the context of increasing global and political concerns associated with climate change, it is valuable to examine the validity and usefulness of the OIF. We provide a general overview of the OIF experiments conducted over the last 25 years (past), a discussion of OIF considerations including possible side effects (present), and an introduction to the OIF experiment plan currently being designed by Korean oceanographers (future). 30

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Section: Biogeochemical Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Iron Fertilization Experiments: Past–Present–Future with Introduction to Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean (KIFES) Project

Yoon

Yoo

Macdonald³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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“…Traditional bottle incubations as well as proteomic methods are applied to contrasting field sites in this study. The Eastern Equatorial Pacific is an iron limited ecosystem where iron addition stimulates phytoplankton and zooplankton (Landry and Constantinou 2000;Oliver et al 2004). This iron limitation in a high nutrient low chlorophyll area (HNLC) can have especially strong implications for diatoms as demonstrated in several HNLC regions of the Pacific (Bruland et al 2001(Bruland et al , 2005.…”

Section: Compared Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron, nickel, copper, and molybdenum are extensively involved in nitrogen metabolism Morel and Price 2003) though much of the ocean is limited primarily by nitrogen and iron (Moore et al 2013). Biological response after large ocean iron fertilization was investigated during the IronEx-I and PlumEx voyages in the Equatorial Pacific (Gordon et al 1998) and more recently in the eastern Equatorial Pacific (Landry and Constantinou 2000). More than a decade of mesoscale iron enrichment experiments have been reviewed by Boyd et al (2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea and nickel utilization in marine cyanobacteria as evaluated by incubation, proteomic, and uptake techniques

Goepfert¹

2013

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“…To represent the effects from real measurements, the sizespecific growth rate and grazing mortality values were not corrected by temperature. For the correlation analysis, considering the strong correlation between the growth rate and grazing mortality (Barnes et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2009;Landry et al, 2000;Murrell et al, 2002), we used univariate linear models instead of stepwise selection to avoid the issue of colinearity. We analysed 9 univariate regression models.…”

Section: Nbss Slope Variation Among Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling of growth rate and mortality with size and its consequence on size spectra of natural microphytoplankton assemblages in the East China Sea

et al. 2013

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Allometric scaling of body size versus growth rate and mortality has been suggested to be a universal macroecological pattern, as described by the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE). However, whether such scaling generally holds in natural assemblages remains debated. Here, we test the hypothesis that the size-specific growth rate and grazing mortality scale with the body size with an exponent of −1/4 after temperature correction, as MTE predicts. To do so, we couple a dilution experiment with the FlowCAM imaging system to obtain size-specific growth rates and grazing mortality of natural microphytoplankton assemblages in the East China Sea. This novel approach allows us to achieve highly resolved size-specific measurements that would be very difficult to obtain in traditional size-fractionated measurements using filters. Our results do not support the MTE prediction. On average, the size-specific growth rates and grazing mortality scale almost isometrically with body size (with scaling exponent ∼0.1). However, this finding contains high uncertainty, as the size-scaling exponent varies substantially among assemblages. The fact that size-scaling exponent varies among assemblages prompts us to further investigate how the variation of size-specific growth rate and grazing mortality can interact to determine the microphytoplankton size structure, described by normalized biomass size spectrum (NBSS), among assemblages. We test whether the variation of microphytoplankton NBSS slopes is determined by (1) differential grazing mortality of small versus large individuals, (2) differential growth rate of small versus large individuals, or (3) combinations of these scenarios. Our results indicate that the ratio of the grazing mortality of the large size category to that of the small size category best explains the variation of NBSS slopes across environments, suggesting that higher grazing mortality of large microphytoplankton may release the small phytoplankton from grazing, which in turn leads to a steeper NBSS slope. This study contributes to understanding the relative importance of bottom-up versus top-down control in shaping microphytoplankton size structure

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Biological response to iron fertilization in the eastern equatorial Pacific (IronEx II). III. Dynamics of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing

Cited by 197 publications

References 65 publications

Ocean Iron Fertilization Experiments: Past–Present–Future with Introduction to Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean (KIFES) Project

Ocean Iron Fertilization Experiments: Past–Present–Future with Introduction to Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean (KIFES) Project

Urea and nickel utilization in marine cyanobacteria as evaluated by incubation, proteomic, and uptake techniques

Scaling of growth rate and mortality with size and its consequence on size spectra of natural microphytoplankton assemblages in the East China Sea

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