“…Significant findings were reported in 13 animal studies evaluating AGD following prenatal progestogen exposure and two studies that reported effects of progestogens but did not conduct statistics (Giannia et al 1969;Johnstone and Franklin 1964) (Figure 7). The direction of the effect was consistent with in utero exposure to progestogens lengthening the AGD of female offspring (Foote et al 1968;Gandelman et al 1981;Giannia et al 1969;Johnstone and Franklin 1964;Prahalada et al 1985a;Prahalada et al 1985b;Whalen et al 1966) and shortening the AGD in male offspring (Gupta and Goldman 1986;Scouten et al 1975). Similar effects were reported across species (mice, rats, guinea pigs, baboons, and cynomolgus monkeys) and across synthetic progestogen exposures with known anti-androgenic (e.g., cyproterone acetate) or androgenic effects (e.g., MPA, norethindrone, norethindrone acetate, quingestanol acetate).…”