Biological Evaluation of Some Plant Bioactives as Feed Additives to Replace Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Broiler Feeds

Abstract

Antibiotics (AGP) have been used as feed additives to promote growth and feed efficiency in poultry production. However, many countries include Indonesia now ban the use of AGP and attempts are made to replace the antibiotic to maintain good performances of broilers. Plant bioactives is one of the alternatives that could replace the AGP. An experiment was conducted in an attempt to replace the AGP in broiler feed with a mixture of some plant bioactives<strong> </strong>(liquid smoke of cashew nutshell, <em>Phyllanthus niruri,</em> and clove leaves). Eight (8) dietary treatments were formulated to have similar nutrients consist of negative control (NC), positive control (NC+AGP), diets supplemented with liquid plant bioactives in 3 levels and diets supplemented with powder plant bioactives in 3 levels. Each diet was fed to 6 replications of 10 birds each from 1 to 35 days old. The performances and the immune response of the broilers due to the treatments were observed. Results showed that the powder plant bioactives could not improve the performance of broilers. None of the feed additives (AGP or plant bioactives) affect the immune systems of the broilers. However, liquid plant bioactives in low dose improved the performance of broilers better than the AGP and therefore is suitable to replace the antibiotic as feed additives in broiler diet.

Insights in the Development and Uses of Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry and Swine Production

“…Based on this knowledge, researchers now work towards the recognition of specific bacterial populations that definitively enhance animal growth and the identification of approaches and resources to achieve a desired microbiota. Following the widespread use of antimicrobial growth promoters in animal feed and the observation of their impact on poultry and swine production, several parameters such as weight gain, feed conversion rate, intestinal morphology, microbiota composition, production of digestive enzymes, immune response, and carcass quality have been established as growth-promoting indicators (summarized in Table S1 ) [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”

“…Most studies on the use of probiotics in animal feed have reported a wide variety of beneficial effects on animal growth and health. Along with the beneficial impact on gut microbiota and inflammation, it was observed that probiotics can reduce diarrhea and improve feed digestion by producing enzymes or by promoting digestive enzyme secretion in the intestines [ 60 , 134 , 142 , 149 ]. However, several concerns with some probiotic-based products such as variations in the quality and dose of probiotics, poor survival rate in the stomach, inactivation during feed manufacturing, transport, or storage, allergenicity, potential crosstalk between probiotics, pathogens and epithelial cells, and transmission of antibiotic-resistance genes can limit their use [ 140 , 147 , 149 , 150 ].…”

Turmeric Flour Supplementation Through Feed-in Biofloc System Cultivation on the Growth of Nilem Fish (Osteochilus hasselti)

“…mineral salts such as iron, phosphorus, and magnesium. Turmeric also contains 9.61% curcumin compounds (Sinurat et al, 2009). Curcumin functions in regulating fat metabolism.…”

“…Turmeric is a type of turmeric rhizome-producing plant that thrives in Indonesia (Arifin, Setiawati, Bambang, & Utomo, 2015). Turmeric also contains 9.61% curcumin compounds (Sinurat et al, 2009). Curcumin functions in regulating fat metabolism.…”

Evaluation of the phytochemical content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Cocos nucifera liquid smoke, Garcinia mangostana pericarp, Syzygium aromaticum leaf, and Phyllanthus niruri L. extracts

“…In Europe, plant extracts have been used as a substitute for AGP [5]. Indonesia, as a tropical country, has a variety of plants containing bioactive compounds which may potentially serve as antibacterial and antifungal agents, such as Psidium guajava roots and leaves [6], cashew shell extract [7], mangosteen extract [8], Plumeria rubra flower and leaf extract [9], Phyllanthus niruri L. extract [10], and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaf extract [11].…”