Biological effects of surface active agents on marine animals

Swedmark, Martha; Braaten, B.; Emanuelsson, Eva U.; Granmo, Åke

doi:10.1007/bf00351378

Cited by 136 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In that way, measurable modifications of swimming could be detected well before mortality. Studies with LAS indicated the reduction of swimming capacity in rainbow trout exposed to 0.2 mgL -1 (Hofer, et al, 1994), and in several other species the swimming capacity was affected in concentrations between 0.6 to 4.7 mgL -1 (Swedmark et al, 1971, Barbieri et al, 1998. Alterations in the swimming capacity are reflected in several activities of the organism such as migration, predation or success in escaping from predators, with serious ecological consequences (Reidy et al, 1995, Hymel et al, 2002.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of metabolism and swimming activity to evaluate the sublethal toxicity of surfactant (LAS-C12) on Mugil platanus

Barbieri

2007

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of metabolism and swimming activity to evaluate the sublethal toxicity of surfactant (LAS-C12) on Mugil platanus

Barbieri

2007

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…Even though organisms in the marine environment are exposed to low concentrations of these compounds for long periods of time, only a few toxicity studies have been conducted on marine species and they mostly evaluate acute toxicity effects (Swedmark et al 1971;Bressan et al 1989;Lewis et al 1991Lewis et al , 1992Hofer et al 1995;Da Ros et al 1995;Servos et al 1999;Barbieri et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and catalase in Ruditapes philippinarum as biomarkers of stress caused by anionic (C11-LAS) and non-ionic (NPEO2.8) surfactants

Álvarez-Muñoz¹,

Sáez²,

Blasco³

et al. 2006

CiencMar

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Actividades enzimáticas de las fosfatasas ácida y alcalina y la catalasa en Ruditapes philippinarum como biomarcadores del estrés generado por tensioactivos aniónicos (C 11 -LAS) y no iónicos (NPEO 2.8 )Enzymatic activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and catalase in Ruditapes philippinarum as biomarkers of stress caused by anionic (C 11 -LAS) and non-ionic (NPEO 2.8 ResumenSe realizó un estudio de toxicidad subcrónica mediante la exposición de organismos a dos tensioactivos en un sistema en flujo continuo, con un periodo de exposición al tóxico de 120 h, y otro de depuración en ausencia del mismo de 48 h. Los experimentos se realizaron con Ruditapes philippinarum, molusco con amplia distribución en zonas intermareales y de gran importancia económica, utilizando sulfonato de alquilbenceno lineal (LAS) como principal tensioactivo aniónico y el nonilfenol etoxilado (NPEO 2.8 ) como no iónico. Los organismos fueron expuestos a tres concentraciones ambientales (µg L -1 ) de LAS y de NPEO 2.8 , siendo 2.4, 6.7 y 12.8 µg g -1 de LAS las concentraciones medidas en el interior de organismos expuestos a la concentración menor, intermedia y mayor, mientras que las concentraciones de NPEO 2.8 fueron de 13.4 y 14.8 y 31.7 µg g -1 , respectivamente. Las respuestas empleadas como "criterio de efecto" de toxicidad subcelular fueron: las medidas de las actividades enzimáticas de la catalasa (CAT), y las fosfatasas ácida (AcP) y alcalina (ALP). En el caso de CAT, no se han observado diferencias significativas al final de la fase de exposición con ninguno de ambos tensioactivos. Sin embargo, al final de la fase de depuración existió un aumento de la actividad CAT con el C 11 LAS en los organismos expuestos a la menor concentración (P < 0.05) y una disminución significativa con el NPEO 2.8 en los organismos expuestos a la mayor concentración, la misma que corresponde con la mayor acumulación del compuesto en el interior del organismo. En los organismos expuestos a las concentraciones media y mayor de C 11 -LAS se observó inhibición de la actividad AcP y activación de la ALP al final del ensayo (día 7) (P < 0.05). En los organismos expuestos a la mayor concentración de NPEO 2.8 existe un aumento de la actividad específica al final de la fase de depuración.Palabras clave: tensioactivo, fosfatasa ácida, fosfatasa alcalina, catalasa, Ruditapes philippinarum. AbstractA subchronic toxicity study was performed by exposing organisms to two surfactants in a continuous flow-through system for 120 h, followed by a depuration phase of 48 h. The bivalve mollusc Ruditapes philippinarum, widely distributed in intertidal zones and of high commercial value, was used. The main anionic and non-ionic surfactants employed were linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO 2.8 ), respectively. The organisms were exposed to three environmental levels (µg L -1 ), and the concentrations of C 11 -LAS measured in the tissues were 2.4, 6.7 and 12.8 µg g -1 for the low, intermediate and high exposure levels, while those of NPEO 2...

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“…Oil dispersants typically consist of a mixture of a surfactant, a hydrocarbon solvent and sometimes a stabilizing agent. The toxicity of a chemical dispersant is usually a function of the kind of solvent (Portmann & Connor, 1968), surfactant (Swedmark et al, 1971) or the synergistic effects between the surfactant and the solvent (Nagell et al, 1974). Significantly, the enhanced bioavailability of the oil resulted from the application of chemical dispersants may also lead to an increase in oil toxicity to aquatic organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two oil dispersants on phototaxis and swimming behaviour of barnacle larvae

Lam

Zhou

1997

Asia-Pacific Conference on Science and Management of Coastal Environment

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The effects of two oil dispersants (Vecom B-1425 GL and Norchem OSD-570) mixed with diesel oil on the survival and behaviour of the stage II nauplii of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite were investigated. The 24 and 48-hour LC 50 values for Vecom B-1425 GL:diesel mixture were 514 and 48 mg l 1 respectively, while respective values for Norchem OSD-570:diesel mixture were 505 and 71 mg l 1 . Under sublethal concentrations, increased levels of the dispersant:diesel mixtures caused a reduction in phototactic responses. Balanus amphitrite nauplii failed to exhibit phototactic responses when exposed to Vecom B-1425 GL:diesel mixtures of 400 mg l 1 and higher for 24 hours. A longer exposure time of 48 hours further reduced the Lowest Observable Effect Concentrations (LOECs) to 60 mg l 1 . The LOECs for Norchem OSD-570:diesel mixtures under exposure periods of 24 and 48 hours were 400 and 80 mg l 1 respectively. The curvilinear velocities (VCL) and straight-line velocities (VSL) of the stage II nauplii ranged from 0.7-1.1 and 0.2-0.4 mm s 1 respectively. Increased concentrations of dispersant:diesel mixtures caused a significant change in the curvilinear and straight-line velocities. Both oil dispersants, dispersant:diesel mixtures of 20 to 40 mg l 1 caused significant increases in VCL, but no significant change in VSL. Dispersant:diesel mixtures of 100 mg l 1 and higher resulted in a reduction in VSL for both dispersants.

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Biological effects of surface active agents on marine animals

Cited by 136 publications

References 22 publications

Use of metabolism and swimming activity to evaluate the sublethal toxicity of surfactant (LAS-C12) on Mugil platanus

Use of metabolism and swimming activity to evaluate the sublethal toxicity of surfactant (LAS-C12) on Mugil platanus

Enzymatic activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and catalase in Ruditapes philippinarum as biomarkers of stress caused by anionic (C11-LAS) and non-ionic (NPEO2.8) surfactants

Effects of two oil dispersants on phototaxis and swimming behaviour of barnacle larvae

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