Biological control of the terrestrial carbon sink

Schulze, Ernst Detlef

doi:10.5194/bg-3-147-2006

Cited by 164 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…We have also shown that the particular traits selected here, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, and mature plant height, could be used to capture the functioning of plant species and communities. Our observations also promote a better understanding of plant-soil feedbacks related to plant functional traits in plant communities, but longterm monitoring is needed in future research, especially in different times of the year, because the cycling and sequestration of soil nutrients may be a "fast-out, slow-in" process with high variation due to regulation by environmental factors (Schulze, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-weighted mean traits but not functional diversity determine the changes in soil properties during wetland drying on the Tibetan Plateau

Epstein

Wen

et al. 2017

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Climate change and human activities have caused a shift in vegetation composition and soil biogeochemical cycles of alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau. The primary goal of this study was to test for associations between community-weighted mean (CWM) traits, functional diversity, and soil properties during wetland drying. We collected soil samples and investigated the aboveground vegetation in swamp, swamp meadow, and typical meadow environments. Four CWM trait values (specific leaf area is SLA, leaf dry matter content is LDMC, leaf area is LA, and mature plant height is MPH) for 42 common species were measured across the three habitats; three components of functional diversity (functional richness, functional evenness, and functional divergence) were also quantified at these sites. Our results showed that the drying of the wetland dramatically altered plant community and soil properties. There was a significant correlation between CWM of traits and soil properties, but not a significant correlation between functional diversity and soil properties. Our results further showed that CWM-LA, CWM-SLA, and CWM-LDMC had positive correlations with soil readily available nutrients (available nitrogen, AN; available phosphorus, AP), but negative correlations with total soil nutrients (soil organic carbon is SOC, total nitrogen is TN, and total phosphorus is TP). Our study demonstrated that simple, quantitative plant functional traits, but not functional diversity, are directly related to soil C and N properties, and they likely play an important role in plant-soil interactions. Our results also suggest that functional identity of species may be more important than functional diversity in influencing ecosystem processes during wetland drying.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-weighted mean traits but not functional diversity determine the changes in soil properties during wetland drying on the Tibetan Plateau

Epstein

Wen

et al. 2017

Solid Earth

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“…anthropogenic emissions and, on a global scale, it has been estimated that the terrestrial biosphere is able to take up about 30 % of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions annually (Schulze, 2006;Canadell et al, 2007).…”

Section: Zanotelli Et Al: Carbon Fluxes In An Apple Orchardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net primary productivity, allocation pattern and carbon use efficiency in an apple orchard assessed by integrating eddy covariance, biometric and continuous soil chamber measurements

et al. 2013

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Carbon use efficiency (CUE), the ratio of net primary production (NPP) over gross primary production (GPP), is a functional parameter that could possibly link the current increasingly accurate global GPP estimates with those of net ecosystem exchange, for which global predictors are still unavailable. Nevertheless, CUE estimates are actually available for only a few ecosystem types, while information regarding agro-ecosystems is scarce, in spite of the simplified spatial structure of these ecosystems that facilitates studies on allocation patterns and temporal growth dynamics.

We combined three largely deployed methods, eddy covariance, soil respiration and biometric measurements, to assess monthly values of CUE, NPP and allocation patterns in different plant organs in an apple orchard during a complete year (2010). We applied a measurement protocol optimized for quantifying monthly values of carbon fluxes in this ecosystem type, which allows for a cross check between estimates obtained from different methods. We also attributed NPP components to standing biomass increments, detritus cycle feeding and lateral exports.

We found that in the apple orchard, both net ecosystem production and gross primary production on a yearly basis, 380 ± 30 g C m⁻² and 1263 ± 189 g C m⁻² respectively, were of a magnitude comparable to those of natural forests growing in similar climate conditions. The largest differences with respect to forests are in the allocation pattern and in the fate of produced biomass. The carbon sequestered from the atmosphere was largely allocated to production of fruit: 49% of annual NPP was taken away from the ecosystem through apple production. Organic material (leaves, fine root litter, pruned wood and early fruit falls) contributing to the detritus cycle was 46% of the NPP. Only 5% was attributable to standing biomass increment, while this NPP component is generally the largest in forests.

The CUE, with an annual average of 0.71 ± 0.12, was higher than the previously suggested constant values of 0.47–0.50. Low nitrogen investment in fruit, the limited root apparatus, and the optimal growth temperature and nutritional condition observed at the site are suggested to be explanatory variables for the high CUE observed

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“…Thus, there is a need for better understanding on how tissue and whole-plant respiration rates are affected by elevated CO 2 (i.e. from current ambient to doubling ambient levels), as small changes in terrestrial plant respiration could have a significant impact on the annual increment in atmospheric CO 2 concentration (Valentini et al, 2000;Gonzalez-Meler et al, 2004;Schulze, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Respiratory Mitochondrial Machinery and Cytochrome and Alternative Pathway Activities in Response to Energy Demand Underlie the Acclimation of Respiration to Elevated CO₂ in the Invasive Opuntia ficus-indica

Gomez‐Casanovas¹,

Blanc‐Betes²,

Gonzàlez-Meler³

et al. 2007

Plant Physiol.

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Studies on long-term effects of plants grown at elevated CO 2 are scarce and mechanisms of such responses are largely unknown. To gain mechanistic understanding on respiratory acclimation to elevated CO 2 , the Crassulacean acid metabolism Mediterranean invasive Opuntia ficus-indica Miller was grown at various CO 2 concentrations. Respiration rates, maximum activity of cytochrome c oxidase, and active mitochondrial number consistently decreased in plants grown at elevated CO 2 during the 9 months of the study when compared to ambient plants. Plant growth at elevated CO 2 also reduced cytochrome pathway activity, but increased the activity of the alternative pathway. Despite all these effects seen in plants grown at high CO 2 , the specific oxygen uptake rate per unit of active mitochondria was the same for plants grown at ambient and elevated CO 2 . Although decreases in photorespiration activity have been pointed out as a factor contributing to the long-term acclimation of plant respiration to growth at elevated CO 2 , the homeostatic maintenance of specific respiratory rate per unit of mitochondria in response to high CO 2 suggests that photorespiratory activity may play a small role on the long-term acclimation of respiration to elevated CO 2 . However, despite growth enhancement and as a result of the inhibition in cytochrome pathway activity by elevated CO 2 , total mitochondrial ATP production was decreased by plant growth at elevated CO 2 when compared to ambient-grown plants. Because plant growth at elevated CO 2 increased biomass but reduced respiratory machinery, activity, and ATP yields while maintaining O 2 consumption rates per unit of mitochondria, we suggest that acclimation to elevated CO 2 results from physiological adjustment of respiration to tissue ATP demand, which may not be entirely driven by nitrogen metabolism as previously suggested.

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Biological control of the terrestrial carbon sink

Cited by 164 publications

References 57 publications

Community-weighted mean traits but not functional diversity determine the changes in soil properties during wetland drying on the Tibetan Plateau

Community-weighted mean traits but not functional diversity determine the changes in soil properties during wetland drying on the Tibetan Plateau

Net primary productivity, allocation pattern and carbon use efficiency in an apple orchard assessed by integrating eddy covariance, biometric and continuous soil chamber measurements

Changes in Respiratory Mitochondrial Machinery and Cytochrome and Alternative Pathway Activities in Response to Energy Demand Underlie the Acclimation of Respiration to Elevated CO₂ in the Invasive Opuntia ficus-indica

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Biological control of the terrestrial carbon sink

Cited by 164 publications

References 57 publications

Community-weighted mean traits but not functional diversity determine the changes in soil properties during wetland drying on the Tibetan Plateau

Community-weighted mean traits but not functional diversity determine the changes in soil properties during wetland drying on the Tibetan Plateau

Net primary productivity, allocation pattern and carbon use efficiency in an apple orchard assessed by integrating eddy covariance, biometric and continuous soil chamber measurements

Changes in Respiratory Mitochondrial Machinery and Cytochrome and Alternative Pathway Activities in Response to Energy Demand Underlie the Acclimation of Respiration to Elevated CO2 in the Invasive Opuntia ficus-indica

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Changes in Respiratory Mitochondrial Machinery and Cytochrome and Alternative Pathway Activities in Response to Energy Demand Underlie the Acclimation of Respiration to Elevated CO₂ in the Invasive Opuntia ficus-indica